Turning a Vessel Short Round, Single Screw (No Wind No Current)
Vessel udk own length twGif; 180º vSnfhjcif;jzpfonf/ Transverse thrust udk toHk;jyKí vSnfhjcif;jzpfonf/
Single screw right handed vessel twGuf -
Procedure
(1) Hard over wheel to starboard side ay;jyD; engine ukd full ahead ay;yg/ Vessel onf starboard odkY swing pjzpfrnf/
(2) Head way pxGufonfESifh stop engine ay;yg/ Wheel midship ay;yg/
(3) Engine full astern ay;yg/ Vessel onf transverse thrust aMumifh bow onf starboard odkY cant jzpfrnf/ xdkYaMumifh starboard bufodkY swing jzpfjcif;udk ydkítaxmuftul&aponf/
(4) Astern way pxGufonfESifh engine stop ay;yg/ xdkYaemuf eHygwf (1) procedure udkjyefvkyfjcif;jzifh oabFmudk
180º round turn vkyfyg/
Turning Short Round in an Ahead River Stream
jrpfxJwGif a&qefarmif;vmonfh vessel udk reverse course odkY jyefauGUjcif;jzpfonf/ Affect of Stream ESifh thrust of trnasverse thrust udkaygif;íoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/
Procedure
(1) Vessel udk port side rS bank em;wGif&Sdaom slacker water &SdonfhbufodkY proceed vkyfyg/
(2) xdkYaemuf bow udk mid channel buf&Sd faster water odkY swing jzpf&ef Hard over wheel to starboard ay;yg/
(3) Current direction onf oabFm\ broad side udk catch jzpfonfESifh engine udk reverse qGJyg/ xdkodkYaqmif&Guf jcif;jzifh transverse thrust \ effect aMumifh bow udk starboard odkY cant jzpfapjyD; river wpfavQmuf bodily
drift down stream ukdvnf; umuG,fay;onf/ xdkYaemuf 180º reverse course odkYa&mufonfhtcg port helm udkoHk;í round turn vkyfjcif;udk complete vkyfyg/
Turning Short Round in an Astern River Stream (Snub Round Turn)
With the current proceed vkyfvmjyD;? against the current jzpf&ef round turn vkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif
transverse thrust, current affect ESifh anchor \tultnDudkoHk;jyD; vSnfhjcif;jzpfonf/
Procedure
(1) Vessel udk mid chennel rS proceed vkyfvmjyD;? starboard side bank em;wGif&Sdaom slacker water &SdwJhbuf odkY swing vkyf&ef hard over wheel to starboard ay;yg/
(2) Current affect onf vessel \ broad side mid ship em;odkY oufa&mufonfhtcg engine udk reverse qGJyg/ xdkodkYjyKvkyfjcif;jzifh transverse thrust \ affect ukd &&Sdapovdk lee drift udkvnf; umuG,fay;onf/
(3) xdktcsdefwGif up stream anchor udk short stay position (about one shackle in the water) &atmif let go vkyfyg/ Cable udk rsm;rsm; let go vkyfvQif vessel \ weight onf cable ay:wGif excessively oufa&mufjyD;
cable jywfxGufEdkifonf/ xdkYtjyif reverse course odkYa&mufonfhtcg anchor jyef&pfwifvQif tcsdefydkMumEdkifonf/
(4) Vessel onf head to current jzpfvQif engine udk ahead ay;í anchor udkjyef&pfwifjyD; complete the round
turn vkyfyg/
Berthing Port Side to in Calm Weather (No Wind No Current wGif wGif wGif wGif wGif Wharf odkY odkY odkY odkY odkY along side vkyfjcif;)
vkyfjcif;) vkyfjcif;) vkyfjcif;) vkyfjcif;)
(1) Vessel udk quay ESifh about one and half point angle xm;jyD;? headed in vkyfyg/ xdktcsdefwGif slow head
way ESifh steady head xm;yg/
(2) Along side vkyfrnfh position em;odkYa&mufvQif head line pay;jyD; engine reverse ay;yg/ xdktcg vessel onf head way ukefoGm;jyD;? bow rSmvnf; starboard odkY cant jzpfojzifh wharf ESifh parallel jzpfoGm;rnf/
(3) Bow onf transverse thrust aMumifh starboard odkY cant jzpfjyD; wharf rS um;xGufoGm;vQif head line jzifh
adjust vkyfyg/
Berthing Starboard Side to In Calm Weather (No Wind No Current wGif wGif wGif wGif wGif wharf odkY odkY odkY odkY odkY along side vkyfjcif;)
vkyfjcif;) vkyfjcif;) vkyfjcif;) vkyfjcif;)
(1) Vessel udk burst ahead on engine jzifh quay ESifh fine angle xm;jyD; headed in vkyfyg/
(2) Along side vkyfrnfh position em;odkYa&mufonfhtcg hard over wheel to port ay;jyD; engine reverse qGJyg/ xdktcg transverse thrust aMumifh bow onf starboard odkY cant jzpfjyD; engine reverse qGJaomaMumifh
head way ukefoGm;rnf/ Astern line udkpay;yg/
(3) Transverse thrust aMumifh astern onf wharf rS uGmoGm;vQif astern line jzifh adjust vkyfyg/
ANCHOR
Implement by which a ship becomes attached to the ground at sea bed, and so rendered stationary.
Anchor \t"duwm0efrSm cable udk home xJrS qGJxkwfzdkYESifh sea bed wGif position p,lí cable udk
range out jzpfap&efwdkYjzpfonf/ Vsl. onf pos; wGif stationary jzpfaejcif;rSm a&xJwGif&Sdaom cable \ weight aMumifhjzpfonf/ Anchor u csdwfqGJxm;jcif;aMumifh r[kwfyg/
Part of Anchor
Shank = Main body of the anchor. Is a part of anchor between anchoring and
arm. ¤if; shank ay:wGif weight of anchor udka&;xm;onf/
Throat / Trend = The increase girth of and anchor shank as is approches the arms
extends for a distance equal to that of arms.
Gravity band = Anchor udkr&eftwGuf anchor \ center of gravity point wGif wyfqifxm; aom oHuGif;/
Arm of Anchor = That part of an anchor which extends from crown to fluke. Fluke of Anchor = Flattened triangular extremity of arm of an anchor.
Crown of Anchor = That part, directly beneath shank, where arms go in opposite direc-
Tipping Palm = More or less flat projection on arm of a self-canting anchor. Its duty
is to bite into the ground and ensure that the flukes turn downward to bite into the ground. (anchor a&xJodkYusoGm;onfhtcsdef fluke onfajrjyifxJ odkY pdkuf0ifoGm;ap&efajrjyifESifhjcpfzdkY anchor \ head wGifwyfqifxm;aomtjym;/
Stock = Is the cross piece just below ring of anchor. Being right angle to line
of flute is ensure fluke biting, and resist shank turning, and so releasing fluke from ground.
Type of Anchor t"dutm;jzifh ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
Stock or common anchor
¤if;wGif stock yg&SdjyD; stock onf anchor wpffckvHk; weight \ 25% &Sdonf/ ¤if;onf arms rsm;xuf ydk&SnfjyD; ydkíav;onf/ ¤if;\wm0efrSm anchro sea bed odkY píxdonfESifh horizontal position jzpfoGm;ap&efjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf fluke rsm;ESifh right angle wyfxm;ojzifh fluke onf sea bed udkaocsmpGmukwfrdoGm;onf/ ¤if;onf
rotation udk prevent vkyfjyD; great stability &&Sdaponf/ ¤if;wGif moving part rsm;r&Sdojzifh sea bed material rsm; aMumifh choke rjzpfyg/ ¤if;tjyif sea bed rS accidentally ckefxGufvmvQifvnf; holding jzpfzkdY vG,fulonf/
¤if;\ disadvantages rsm;rSm moving parts rsm;ryg&Sdojzifh hawse pipe xJodkYqGJoGif;ír&yg/ xdkYaMumifh
store vkyf&efcufcJonf/ a&xJwGif&SdaepOf fluke wpfbufonf a&jyifbufodkY axmifaeojzifh toHk;r0ifay/ ¤if;tjyif a&wdrfonfhae&mwGif xdk axmifaeaom fluke udk oabFmi,frsm;0ifwdkufjyD; ysufpD;wwfonf/
Steel common anchor wpfacsmif;onf tMurf;tm;jzifh holding power onf ¤if;\ weight 3 to 4
times txd&Sdwwfonf/
Stock \ ends rsm;wGif spheres or enlargments (oHvHk;rsm;) rsm;&SdjyD; ¤if;wdkYonf anchor bite jzpf&eft wGuf rotation udk assist vkyfonf/ ¤if;tjyif sea bed xJodkY anchor rjrKyfap&ef prevent vkyfonf/
Stock less or patent anchor
¤if;wGif stock ryg0ifay/ xdkYaMumifh hawse pipe xJokdY vG,fulvsifjrefpGm store vkyfEdkifonf/ Letting go vkyf&ef vG,fulaponf/ ¤if;\ head onf anchor wpfckvHk; weight \ ajcmufq,f&mcdkifEIef;&Sdonf/ Head \ end
of the shunk position wGif arms rsm;udk rotation jzpfEdkif&ef? pivot yg&Sdonf/ Arms rsm;onf axis of the shank ESifh about 30 to 45º txd rotate vykDkifonf/ Holding ground aumifa;omae&mwGif ¤if;\ holding power onf ¤if; weight \ 3 to 4 times txd&Sdwwfonf/
Stockless anchor \ disadvantage rsm;rSm ¤if;wGif moving parts rsm;yg&Sdojzifh sea bed rsm;ESifh chock jz[fwwfonf/ Anchor biting udk 'ku©ay;wwfonf/ Under heavy load wGif 180º avmuftxd rotate jzpfwwfonf/ oabFmwGif normally anchor (3) ck&Sdonf/ (2)ckonf bowers anchor rsm;jzpfjyD; hawse pipe xJwGifxnfh xm;jyD; usef(1)ckrSm spare/sheet anchor jzpfonf/
Anchor Marking
Shank ay:wGif anchor weight marking &Sdonf/ Fluke wpfckwGif circle yg&SdjyD; ¤if;wGif test vkyfonfh
serial number ESifh test certificate xkwfay;onfh certifying authorities \ serial number ygonf/
76 kg txuf anchor rsm;udk test vkyf&onf/ Test vkyf&mwGif anchor udkqGJqefYaom tensile stress udk
test vkyf&ef 1 ton weight &Sdaom anchor udk 20 tons stress jzifhqGJqefYjyD; 30 tons &Sdaom anchor 150 tons
stress jzifh qGJqefYonf/ Test vkyfjyD; wpfvtwGif; test certificate xkwfay;onf/ Certificate wGifatmufygtcsufrsm; yg0ifonf/
(1) Serial number of test.
(2) Name of certifying authorities. (3) Name of test surveyor. (4) Type of anchor
(5) Weight of anchor
(6) Weight of stock (Stock &Sdaom anchor twGuf)
(7) Length of shank (mm) (8) Length of arms (mm) (9) Diameter of trend. (10) Proof load
Chain Cable
¤if;wdkYudk wrought iron, forged, mild steel or cast steel rsm;ESifhjyKvkyfonf/
Chain cable \ diameter udk wdkif;vQif uGif;ESpfckqufonfhae&mudk wdkif;&onf/ Link rsm;wGif stud yg0ifjyD; ¤if; stud onf chain \ strength udkydkrdkaumif;aponf/ tcsdKU link rsm;wGif stud rygay/ ¤if;wdkYudk open
link or end link [kac:onf/
Chain cable rsm;wGif 27.5 M / 15 fathoms / 90 ft. t&Snf&Sdaom length rsm; tjzpfxkwfvkyfonf/ ¤if;
length udk 1 shackles ac:jyD; american rsm;u shots [kac:onf/ ¤if; shackle rsm;udk wpfckESifhwpfckquf&mwGifoHk; aom joining shackle ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/ wpfckrSm lug joining shackle jzpfjyD;? aemufwpfckrSm lugless joining shackle
(kkkkenter shackle) jzpfonf/
Lug joining shackle jzifh cable shackle ESpfckudk join vkyf&mwGif common link ESpfckudk direct join vkyf &ef rqefYojzifh open link jzifh join vdkY&onf/ Open link ESifh common link Mum;wGif intermediate link
(enlarged link) udkcHpm;ay;&onf/ Shackle ta&twGufudk marking vkyf&mwGif xrqHk; stud ygonfh link rS pí a&wGuf&onf/
Lug less joining shackle udk nickle jzifhjyKvkyfxm;onf/ wpfppDjzKwfí&onf/ Lug joining shackle uJhodkY open link, enlarge link rsm; Mum;cHp&mrvdkbJ shackle ESpfckudk direct join vkyfEdkifonf/ Kenter shackle udk wpfppDjzKwf&ef top swaged udktoHk;jyK&onf/
Marking on Cable
End of the cable link wGif cable marking rsm;&Sdonf/ ¤if; marking onf circle jzpfjyD; circle xJwGif
serial number of test certificate ESifh certifying authority \ initial yg&Sdonf/
Securing cable within the locker
Chain locker xJwGif&Sdaom cable end udk bitter end [kac:jyD;? ¤if;udk secure vkyfonfhenf;trsdK;rsdK;&Sd onf/ toHk;rsm;aomenf;rsm;rSm -
(1) End link udk chain locker \ bulkhead wGif&Sdaom steel lugs wGif Hericane pin jzifh lock vkyfjyD; split pin jzifhzrf;xm;onf/
(2) Port and starboard cable ESpfck\ end links rsm;udk join xm;onf/
(3) Cable end link udk chain locker \ upper part wGif steel lug ü secure vkyfxm;onfodkYr[kwf forecastle
deck ay:wGif secure vkyfxm;onf/
oabFmwpfpD;wGif&Sdaom chain cable wpfacsmif;\ length onf 9 to 11 shackles twGif;&Sdwwfonf/
Cable wpfacsmif;\ diameter 10% wear down jzpfoGm;vQif roHk;oifhawmhyg/ topfvJ&rnf/ xkdYaMumifh oabFmrsm; onf docking üaomfvnf;aumif;? tcGifhta&;&vQif wharf ay:wGif range out vkyfíaomfvnf;aumif;? cable rsm;udk end to end vJwwfonf/ xdkdodkYvJ&mwGif anchor rS yxrqHk; three shackle txudkjzKwfjyD; locker xJrS aemufqHk; 3 shackle ESifhvJMuonf/
Slipping the Cable (ausmufjzwfjcif;ausmufjzwfjcif;ausmufjzwfjcif;ausmufjzwfjcif;ausmufjzwfjcif;)
(1) rnfonfhausmufjzwfrvJar;jyD;? vdktyfonfhypönf;rsm;udk pkaqmif;onf/ omreftm;jzifh starboard ausmufudk jzwfavh&Sdonf/
(2) jzwfrnfh anchor udk acock bill vkyfí jacob ladder csygrnf/
(3) Jacob ladder rSvlwpfa,mufqif;jyD; 2.5 inch manila massenger rope udk anchor ring xJwGif vQdKjyD; tay:rScsay;xm;aom heaving line wGifcsDay;vdkufrnf/
(4) tay:rSvlu heaving jzifh massenger rope udkqGJ,ljyD; bow fair lead rSxkwfxm;aom wire \ eye wGif csnfrnf/
(5) Massenger rope \ twGif;pudk gipsy drum wGifwifí anchor cable avQmhonf direction wGif
massenger rope udk qGJwifonfh direction jzpfatmifywfygrnf/
(6) Manila MudK;udk&pfjyD; wire onf anchor ring xJrS jzwf0ifvmjyD;? gipsy drum ay:a&mufonftxd &pfyg rnf/ wire onf gipsy drum ay:wGif 5 ywfrQa&mufaomtcg windlass udk gear xdk;í cable udkavQmhygrnf/ xdktcsdefwGif wire \twGif;pudk bitt wdkif;wGif secure vkyfxm;ygrnf/
(7) xdktcg wire wif;vmjyD; anchor onfwjznf;jznf;jcif;ygvmrnf/ Bow fairlead teD;odkh achor a&mufvm aomtcg winch udk &yfjyD;
(8) Snotter wire 2 acsmif;udk anchor ring xJodkhoGif;jyD; bitt wdkifwGif secure vkyfygrnf/
(9) Winch udk jznf;jznf;jcif;jyefavQmhvQif anchor \ weight onf snotter wire 2 acsmif;ay:wGifa&mufoGm;rnf (10) Gipsy drum rS wire udkavQmhcsjyD;jyef&pfwifyg/
(11) Cable \ Ganger shackle tqkH;avmufwGif&dSaom Kenter shackle deck ay:a&mufvQif cable udk crow
bar jzifh xdk;jyD; secure vkyfyg/ Spurling pipe wGif crow bar xdk;jyD; secure vkyfyg/
(12) Kenter shackle \ side wGif&Sdaomtaygufus,fbufwGif&Sdonfh lead udkcGmxkwfjyD; split pin udk taygufusOf; bufrS spike jzifhxdk;xkwfyg/ xdkYaemuf Kenter Shackle udk wpfppDjzKwfxkwfyg/
(13) Winch gear on jyD; cable udk hawse pipe rSavsmhcsyg/ Cable end link udk heaving line wGifcsnfjyD; a&pyfwGif up and down xm;yg/ xdktcsdefwGif buoy csnf&ef ready jzpfjyD/
Buoy udkcsnfrnfqdkvQif -udkcsnfrnfqdkvQif -udkcsnfrnfqdkvQif -udkcsnfrnfqdkvQif -udkcsnfrnfqdkvQif -
- Mooring line ESpfacsmif;udk port and starboard bow fairlead rsm;rS avsmhcsjyD; ready vkyfyg/
- Buoy odkY approach vkyfvmpOf buoy ESifh distance udk report vkyfaeyg/
- Mooring boat a&mufvmvQif mooring line ESpfacsmif;udkay;jyD;? buoy ay:wGif secure vkyfcdkif;yg/
- Buoy ay:rSvlrsm; &Sif;oGm;aomtcg mooring line ESpfacsmif;udk qGJwdkufyg/ Vessel \ bow ESifh buoy aocsmpGmuyfaeaomtcg buoy ay:odkY mooring man jyefwufjyD; cable udk buoy ring wGif secure vkyfyg/
- Cable udk buoy wGif aocsmpGm shackle on jyD;aomtcg mooring line rsm;udkjyefavsmhí buoy ring rS jzKwf yg/
- Windlass jzifh cable udkqGJwdkufyg/
- Bow fairlead ESpfbufrS slip wire ESpfacsmif;udk buoy ring xJwGifvQdKjyD; opposite bow rsm;wGif secure vkyfyg/ xdk slip wire rsm;udk vessel's weight roufa&mufap&eff jast slack xm;&rnf/