Mejora del servicio de la red de autobuses urbanos (EMT)

94

he knowledge of the microbial diversity in inland waters especially in freshwater habitats has changed fundamentally. It has been observed that fresh water systems are populated by indigenous bacterial communities, not being found in other environments such as terrestrial and marine habitats. Research studies have shown that determining water quality using microbes as indicator of pollution is an important means for ensuring the supply of safe drinking water. While waterborne diseases may be considered to be problems of underdeveloped countries with inadequate sanitary practices, there is increasing recognition that industrialized, developed countries also have significant public health problems caused by use of untreated, partially treated, or inadequately treated domestic water supplies.

The detection and identification of microbial contaminants in drinking water supplies therefore need to be viewed as a high priority. Hence need arises to reduce runoff containing pathogenic microbes into water supplies, at the same time to strength water treatment programs and public health surveillance for infectious diseases. From the present study it can be concluded that:

T

95

• Bacteriological analysis of water is a powerful and foremost tool in order to foreclose the presence of microorganisms that might constitute a health hazard.

• Most of the bacterial species isolated and characterised were Gram-negative bacillus, a cause of concern due to their high pathogencity

• The MPN index revealed the high coliform count indicating that the lake water is not potable.

• Among the strains identified, Proteus spp. and Cedecea spp. were present at all the study sites with highest percentage occurrence (14.73%) of Proteus spp.

• The highest bacterial load was found at site I and site II comparable to rest two sites.

• The primary data generated on bacterial composition of the lake waters fills up the important knowledge gap regarding the trophic status of the system.

Based on these conclusions, attention has to be paid for protecting water quality of the lake including microbial flora and fauna especially those responsible for the outbreak of diseases that take us back that we cannot overlook traditional public concerns. In developing countries, inadequate sewage disposal and drinking water treatment facilities are primary causes of waterborne infectious disease. This includes inappropriate sanitation for the density of the community, no facilities to dispose grey water, poor operation and maintenance of services, sewer blockages, littering, and poor design of waste removal services. As a result of recreational activities, many individuals may contract diseases that range from self-limiting gastrointestinal disturbances to severe and life-threatening infections. The disease incidence is dependent on several factors: the extent of water pollution, time and type of exposure, the

96

immune status of users and other factors. These issues tend to exacerbate or directly cause the physical problems. Important institutional concerns re-addressing the problems are: a lack of funds within the Local Authority; a lack of capacity to maintain the services; and a diversion of resources to other priorities.

The remedial measures suggested are:

• The quality of water in some of these areas was fair or poor on the basis of results obtained from the coliform test. So it is necessary to prevent pollution of the lake.

• To prevent water pollution, there must be a suitable wastewater treatment system, considering the population density in catchment hamlets, topographical and economic condition.

• Prevention of storm flooding into springs and also doing enough sanitation.

• Regular monitoring of the Lake is recommended to detect any unacceptable variability of pollutants and adopt appropriate remedial measures.

In order to meet the potability of water it is recommended that continuous, effective treatment combined with constant monitoring is essential to ensure that it meets the standards of drinking water.

Chapter: 7

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