METODOLOGÍA DE TRABAJO

Currently coal is not used as a sou rce of energy at Massey U niversity. Therefore there are no emissions from coal recorded during 2003-04 . However, in 1 990 the Turitea campus consumed 2 , 325 Mg of coal (Green et al. , 1 99 1 ), which produced 5 , 047±252 Mg of C02e emissions (Table 3 . 1 3).

Table 3. 1 3: Quantity of coal used by Massey U niversity in 1 990 and C02 emissions

Amount of coal used

Mg Kg _{factor* MJ/kg} Conversion Total energy _(MJ) Emission factor* _{(gC02/MJ) emission ( Mg)} Total C02

p Q R=P x Q s ( R X S)/1 000000

2,325 2 ,325,000 23.8 55,335,000 9 1 .2 5,047

*Source: (Bames, 1 993)

12 refer xl spreadsheet "energy_master.xls, worksheet "electricity" in the CD attached. 13 refer xl spreadsheet "energy_master.xls, worksheet "gas" in the CD attached.

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3.3.4 Emissions from Vehicles

E m issions from vehicles a re dominated (>90%) by commuting vehicles. The esti mated volumes of petrol and diesel consumed by com muting vehicles duri ng 2003-04 were 2,596,47 1 l itres and 1 50,263 litres, respectively (Table 3 . 1 4 ) . This resulted i n an estimate of 6, 854±1 , 200 Mg of C02e emissions from commuting traffic during the yea r 2003-04 (Table 3 . 1 4)14.

The volumes of petrol and d iesel purchased through B P fuel cards for the yea r 2003-04 were 208,826 l itres a n d 25, 033 l itres respectively. Monthly details of the fuel purchased through fuel cards a re presented in Annex 3.2. The volumes of d iesel and petrol u sed by farm veh icles d u ring the yea r were 2 1 , 1 93 l itres and 1 7 , 1 50 litres respectively (Table 3 . 1 5). I n addition , 1 1 ,325 litres of d iesel and 1 1 ,307 litres of petrol were supplied by Shell d u ring 2003-04, prior to the removal of the fuel tanks on the central campus. (Dennis Cluea rd , Shell New Zealand , personal communication).

1\efer xl spreadsheet "energy_master.xls, worksheet "vehicles" for uncertainty value in the CD attached .

Table 3. 1 4: Total C02e emissions due to commuting vehicles in 2004

Type of Vehicle 1 Total dist Fuel

Return Trips Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Students 1 ,493,841 89,630 1 ,404,2 1 1 1 ,254,826 1 9,658,948 1 04,569 1 ,965,895 Staff 263,6 1 9 21 ,090 242,529 548,328 6,305,766 45,694 630,577 Total 1 ,757,460 1 50,263 2,596,471

Table 3. 1 4a : Total C02e emissions due to commuting vehicles in 1 990

Type of fuel2 Total dist travelled3 (km) Fuel consumed4 {lt}

Return Trips Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel

Students 1 ,099,636 65,978 1 ,033,658 923,694 14,47 1 ,2 1 0 76,975 Staff 1 94,053 1 5,524 1 78,529 403,630 4,641 ,748 33,636 Total 1 ,293,689 1 1 0, 6 1 0

1 Total trips i n diesel vehicles are 6 % and 8 % b y students and staff respectively 2 Each return trip is 1 4 km and 26 km by students and staff respectively 3 Diesel @ 1 2 km/litre, Petrol @ 1 0 km/lit

Petrol 1 ,447 , 1 21 464, 1 75 1 ,9 1 1 ,296 C02 N20 CH4 C02e Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol (M g) 292,793 4,7 1 8, 1 47 1 2 202 52 4,034 5, 1 63

1 27,943 1 ,51 3,384 5 65 23 1 294 1 ,691

6,854

C02 N20 CH4

C02e

Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol (M g )

2 1 5,529 3,473,090 9 1 49 38 2,969 3,801

94, 1 80 1 ' 1 1 4 ,020 4 48 1 7 952 1 ,245

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Table 3. 1 5: Fuel consum ed on Massey farms d u ring 2003-04

Farm Diesel consumed (litres) Petrol consumed (litres)

Keebles 227 1 ,266

Haurongo 50 1 07

Tuapaka 1 ,622 3,424

Riverside 3,977 2,759

No.4 Dairy Unit 4,04 1 5, 1 08

No.1 Dairy Unit 1 ,748 1 ,773

DCRU 1 55 624

Deer Research Unit 51 0

AgServices Utes 9,323 2,089

Total 2 1 , 1 93 1 7, 1 50

A total of 2 ,833 , 755 litres of petrol and 207, 8 1 5 litres of d iesel were consumed by all categories of veh icles d u ring 2003-04 (Table 3 . 1 6 ) . Therefore total C02e emissions due to veh icles in 2003-04 were 7 , 605±1 ,275 Mg (Table 3 . 1 6)1 8.

Table 3 . 1 6: Carbon d ioxide equivalent emissions from d ifferent categories of vehicles i n 2004

Category Fuel consumed C02e emissions (Mg)

(litres)

Diesel Petrol

Commuting vehicles 1 50,263 2,596,471 6,854

BP fuel card _{25,034 208,827 588}

(Massey University owned vehicles)

Massey University AgServices

21 , 1 93

(Massey University owned veh icles) 1 7, 1 50 1 03

Shell New Zealand _{1 1 ,325 1 1 ,307 60}

(Massey University owned vehicles)

Total 207,8 1 5 2 ,833,755 7,605

The nu mber of retu rn trips to the campus by commuting veh icles in 1 990 was estimated to be 1 ,293,689, and these consumed 1 ,9 1 1 ,296 litres of petrol and 1 1 0 , 6 1 0 litres of d iesel (Table 3. 1 4a). As noted i n Section 3 . 2 . 3 . 2 , this estimate

18

refer xl spreadsheet "energy_master.xls, worksheet "C02 Totals" for uncertainty value in the CD attached .

of GHG emissions from commuting traffic in 1 990 makes the assumption that the patterns of veh icle use by i nd ividual staff and students were the same in 1 990 as in 2004. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the use of bicycles, particularly by students, was much more common in 1 990 a nd thus the estimate of GHG e missions due to com m uting vehicles i n 1 990 is likely to be too hig h . lt is not possible to quantify this over-estimation except by increasing the estimate of u ncertainty.

Massey University vehicles used 57,836 litres of petrol and 42,385 litres of d iesel in 1 990 (Annex 3.3), and all of this fuel was suppl ied by Shell New Zealand (Terry Hammond , personal communication). Therefore , total GHG emissions in C02e d ue to vehicles i n 1 990 were 5 , 309± 1 ,230 Mg, comprising 5,045 ± 1 ,204 Mg from commuting vehicles (Table 3 . 1 4a ) and 264±26 Mg from Massey U niversity-owned vehicles (Table 3 . 1 7 )

19.

Table 3. 1 7: G reenhouse g a s emissions d u e to Massey University-owned vehicles in 1 990.

C02 emissions N20 emissions CH4 emissions

Fuel consumed _{C02e (Mg)}

Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol

42,385 57,836 1 1 8,678 1 38,806 5 6 21 1 1 9 264

3.3.5 Emissions from Aviation

Accord ing to the i nformation provided by Orbit Corporate Travel, the total distance flown by M assey University staff in 2004 was 1 4,81 0,583 nautical miles or 27,429,200 km. Assuming an average fuel use per ASK of 32 .6 g (Table 3 . 1 1 ), this results in an estimate of the total fuel use attributed to staff air travel of 894, 1 92 kg. This equates to total C02e emissions of 2,698±402 Mg i n 2004 (Table 3 . 1 8).

19refer xl spreadsheet "energy_master.xls, worksheet "Vehicles" for uncertainty value in the CD attached .

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M assey U n ivers ity School of Aviation a ircraft at Palmerston North used 965,838 l itres of AvGas in 2004 , res u lti n g in C02e emissions of 2 ,330±1 64 Mg (Table 3 . 1 9 ) .

Therefore, b y combining these values the total estimated C02e emissions due to aviation a re 5,028±435 Mg, and these emissions a re divided reasonably evenly between staff travel and the activities of the Massey U n iversity School of Aviation20.

Table 3 . 1 8: Total C02e emissions due to Massey U n iversity staff a i r travel in 2004

Fuel consumed C02 emissions CH4 emissions N20 emissions C02e emissions

(kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (M g)

894, 1 92 2,682,576 63 45 2,698

Table 3 . 1 9: AvGas used by aircraft from the Massey University School of A . t" VIa IOn In . 2004 a n d th e resu lt" CO

AvGas used C02 emission CH4 emission

965,838 2,318,0 1 1 50

ze em1ss1ons

N20 emission C02e emissions

36 2,330

As noted in Section 3.2.4.2, there were no data available for 1 990 on either the distance flown by Massey staff on U n iversity-related business, or the amount of fuel used by a ircraft in the Massey U niversity School of Aviation. Esti mates of COze emissions from these two sou rces were therefore based on the 2004 data (Tables 3. 1 8 and 3. 1 9) adjusted for the number of staff and/or a i rcraft at Massey in 1 990 compared to 2004.

I n 1 990 there were 1 ,386 full time equivalent (FTE) staff at Massey compared to 2 , 1 55 FTE staff in 2004. Therefore, assuming the same frequency of staff a i r travel in 1 990 as i n 2004 , total COze emissions d u e to air travel b y staff members i n 1 990 were 1 , 735±3 1 2 M g. Using the same approach for the 2 aircraft operated by the M assey U niversity School of Aviation, com pa red with the 2 1 in 2004, the

20 _{refer xl spreadsheet "energy_master.xls, worksheet "aviation" for uncertainty values in the CD} attached .

C02e e mi ssions from the operation of Massey a i rcraft in 1 990 were estimated to be 222±27 Mg.

Com bi ning these two emission estimates gives a total estimated C02e em ission due to aviation in 1 990 of 1 ,957±3 1 3 Mg21 . Although this is the best estimate that could be made with the data available, it is likely that it is an overestimate of the actual G H G emissions due to aviation in 1 990. This is because it rel ies on an assum ption that individual staff in 1 990 travelled the same d istance by air in 1 990 as in 2004 . With the greater intern ationalisation of Massey U niversity over the last 20 yea rs this is unlikely to be the case, but it was not possible within the scope of the current study to quantify any changes in the patterns of work-related travel by i ndivid ual members of M assey staff between 1 990 and 2004 .

3.4 C HAN G ES I N E M I SS I O N S B ETW E E N 1 990 -2004

In 1 990, total G H G emissions from the energy sector at Massey University were 1 5,53 1 ±1 , 288 Mg of C02e, whereas the current emissions (2004) from the same sector are 1 9,064±1 ,324 Mg of C02e. Table 3.20 shows the changes in emissions between 1 990 and 2004 from the d ifferent categories in the energy sector.

Table : 3.20: Changes in C02e em issions from different categories in the energy sector between 1 990 and 2004

Emissions from . . . C02e emissions

1 990 2004

+ +coal 8,266±527 6,431 ±479

Vehicles 5,309± 1 230 7,605± 1 275

Aviation 1 ,957±3 1 3 5,028±435

21 refer xl spreadsheet "energy_master.xls, worksheet "aviation in the CD attached.

-22 43 1 57

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