METODOLOGÍA

6.1

Organic agricultural land and producers

In the 39 countries covered by the survey (European Union, candidate countries, EFTA countries),

10.2 million hectares were under organic agricultural management in 2011, constituting 4.7 percent

of the agricultural area. There were more than 290’000 producers. In the European Union, there

were 9.5 million hectares in 2011, constituting 5.4 percent of the agricultural land. Compared with

2001 (5 million hectares), the organic land has almost doubled. In 2011, the area increased by 0.5

million hectares or six percent and there were almost 240’000 producers. The country with the

largest organic agricultural area is Spain, followed by Italy and Germany (Figure 9). The country with

the most producers is Turkey (almost 44’000), followed by Italy (42’000) and Spain (more than

32’000).

Source: OrganicDataNetwork survey 2013, based on national data sources and Eurostat

Figure 9: Europe: The ten countries with largest areas of organic agricultural land, 2011

6.2

Production base

In 2011, 40 percent of the organic farmland was used for arable crops (4 million hectares) and 47

percent was grassland (4.8 million hectares), with 10 percent (1 million hectares) being used to grow

permanent crops. Figure 10 shows the main land use types by country.

Regarding permanent grassland/grazing land, which increased by 7 percent from 2010, the countries

with the largest areas are Spain (0.87 million hectares), Germany (0.58 million hectares) and the

United Kingdom (0.44 million hectares). To convert extensively used areas and grassland to organic

farming requires relatively few changes in production and few investments.

The largest arable crop areas, which increased by eight percent compared with 2010, are in Italy (0.5

million hectares), followed by France (0.48 million hectares) and Germany (0.41 million hectares).

The key arable crop group is cereals. Forty percent of the Euroepan arable land is utilised for cereal

production. The largest cereal areas are in Turkey (220’000 hectares), Germany (204’000 hectares),

Italy (184’00 hectares), and Spain (175’000 hectares). Organic vegetables were grown on more than

110’000 hectares in 2011, with Italy (22’000 hectares), Germany (18’000 hectares), and the United

Kingdom (13’500 hectares) as the key producing countries.

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Source: OrganicDataNetwork survey 2013, based on national data sources and Eurostat

Figure 10: Land use types in 39 European countries in 2011

Please note: Graph excludes agricultural land for which no details were available; the bars therefore do not reflect the

countries’ total organic agricultural land

Ten percent of the European organic farmland was used for permanent crops, and the permanent

crop area increased by seven percent compared with 2010. The countries with the largest

permanent crop areas are Spain (0.36 million hectares), Italy (0.27 million hectares) and France

(83’000 hectares). A large part of the permanent cropland is used for olives (420’000 hectares; +14

percent), grapes (230’000 hectares; +20 percent), and nuts (190’000 hectares; +0.3 percent).

6.3

Domestic market data

6.3.1

Overview

Data compiled in the framework of the OrganicDataNetwork project show that the organic market in

Europe increased by nine percent in 2011 is now at 21.5 billion euros (Schaack et al. 2013).

Germany showed retail sales of 6.59 billion euros. France held second place with 3.76 billion euros,

this market has shown a very dynamic growth in the past couple of years. In contrast, retail sales

continued to fall in Ireland and decreased for the third consecutive year in the United Kingdom (1.88

billion euros). Italy’s organic market was estimated at 1.72 billion euros, and we expect it to

supersede the United Kingdom in 2012.

As in the past years, the highest market shares were reached in Denmark, Austria, and Switzerland.

The highest per capita consumption of organic food in 2011 was in Switzerland (177 euros), Denmark

(162 euros), Luxembourg (134 euros) Austria (127 euros), Sweden (94 euros) and Germany (84

euros). The average per capita consumption for all 39 countries for which data were available was 27

euros. However, care must be taken in interpreting this figure as the costs of living differ quite

considerably across those 39 countries.

The European Union, with 9 percent growth and a market size of 19.7 billion euros is the second

largest organic market in the world after the United States, which showed a market growth of 9.4

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percent in 2011 to a market size of 21 billion euros. The comparison of the whole of Europe (21.5

billion euros) and North America (22.9 billion euros) shows that North America has the lead in an

international comparison (Schaack et al. 2013).

6.3.2

Importance of product groups in the organic segment

Looking at the proportion certain organic products have within the organic segment, the

OrganicDataNetwork survey has shown the following (see Figure 3, chapter 4.2.4.2, and Table 7 in

the appendix):



Fruit and vegetables are the pioneer organic products in Europe. They now have shares

between one third and one fifth of many national organic markets. They are especially

strong in Italy, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, and Germany. All over Europe the organic market is

dominated by fresh products compared to the conventional markets.



In many countries and in particular in Northern Europe, animal products, especially milk and

dairy products constitute a high share of all organic products sold. Meat and meat products

are very successful with market shares of around 10 percent in Belgium, the Netherlands,

Finland, and France. On the other hand, in many countries the meat and meat products

market is not yet well developed due to lack of manufacturing capability and high price

surpluses compared to conventional products..



Beverages – mainly wine - constitute an important part of organic the market - nearly 15

percent in France and Croatia.



Hot beverages (coffee, tea and cocoa) cover 3 to 5 percent of the organic market.



Grain mill products which are easily sold and stored in the supermarkets reach high shares in

the Czech Republic and also in Finland and Norway.



Bread and bakery products have a high importance in the organic product range with around

10 percent in Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, Finland, and Germany.

6.3.3

Importance of organic products and product groups compared with the total

market

In terms of market shares compared to the conventional market, one of the success stories in many

European countries is eggs (see Source: OrganicDataNetwork survey 2013 based on national data

sources

Figure 8, chapter 4.2.4.2, and Table 7 in the appendix). According to the OrganicDataNetwork

survey, they reach market shares up to 20 percent in Switzerland and around 10 percent in most of

the analysed countries. The sales of eggs reflect the high concerns of consumers with regards to

animal welfare and also shows the readiness to pay relatively high price premiums. In Germany for

example, organic eggs have at minimum double the price compared to conventional eggs – one of

the highest price surpluses among the organic product groups.

After eggs, vegetables show the highest market shares of 8 to 12 percent in Switzerland, Austria and

Germany.

In many countries, dairy products reach market shares of about 5 percent. In Switzerland they even

reach ten percent of all dairy products sold.

Apart from that, single products can reach much higher market share in the countries. Baby food or

meat substitutes are good examples. Fresh carrots have a 30 percent market share in Germany.

On the other hand, products like beverages and meat generally reach only low market shares. Often

these products are highly processed and or very cheap in the conventional market.

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6.4

International trade data

As explained in chapter 4.2.5, international trade data are very scarce. For Denmark, however, detailed data are available

(Source: Statistics Denmark 2012

Figure 11). These data show quite well for which products the country depends on imports (e.g.

fresh vegetables) and for which it produces so much that it can export a substantial part of its

production (e.g. milk and dairy products). If such data were available for more countries, valuable

conclusions could be drawn for food chain management.

Source: Statistics Denmark 2012

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In document La improvisación musical en el aula: propuesta didáctica a partir de la pedagogía de creación musical (página 34-52)