VALORACIÓN DE PROYECTOS EN MERCADOS EMERGENTES
5.5 Metodología propuesta para mercados incompletos
period. MS has played an important role in the overall implementation of RTE by training SMC members to monitor school infrastructure, teacher-student attendance and school functioning. A total of 2990 new members from Sanghas got nominated to SMCs during this period, reaching a total number of 30377. Further, 1215 girls were enrolled in formal schools after having passed out of Mahila Shikshan Kendras, which have been opened under the programme.
(iv) Overall outcome of the Programme: The MS programme is at present being implemented in 44446 villages in 679 educationally backward blocks of 130 districts in 11 states. The programme reaches out to close to 14.5 million women mobilized into 55402 collectives called Mahila Sanghas. These Mahila Sanaghas have been federated into 325 block level federations to provide a bigger platform to women and take collective action on issues of common concern particularly rights and entitlements of women and gender justice. Active participation of women in electoral processes and in seeking a c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d governance of government schemes has been a significant outcome of the mobilization process. Currently, close to 15000 Sanghas women are elected to Panchayats, and more than 30000 women from Sanghas are nominated to School management Committees who continue to play active role in girls' education and village level development. National Project Office (NPO) has organized 1 conference of SPDs and 1 meeting of National Resource Group (NRG) in the current financial year.
An independent National Evaluation of Mahila Samakhya programme was commissioned to Ravi J. Mathai Centre for Educational Innovation, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. The study was conducted in the months of September and October, 2104. The key findings are as follows:
?MS has successfully mobilized marginalized women, nearly 90% of the Sangha membership is drawn from the disadvantaged sections such as SC and ST.
?96% of the Sanghas have members who regularly participate in GS meetings.
?81% of the old Sanghas and 58 per cent of the newer Sanghas have taken concrete action to demand access to government services and benefits from the authorities/Panchayats. ?Over 55% of Sangha members have competed in
elections and 27% are representing on various committees of PRIs, including 12905 Sangha members having won posts like Sarpanch and Ward members.
?48% of the total federations (325) are functioning autonomously, and close to 60% will become autonomous by March, 2105. This indicates that MS has progressed well down the Sangha- Federation autonomy path.
?All the federations are involved in the education of girls, providing training to the Sangha representatives on education and spreading awareness on girls' education. Federations are well placed to handle social and developmental issues.
?As a consequence of access to information, knowledge and training there is a visible increase in the self-confidence and mobility of women. ?The agenda of girls' education occupies centre
stage in the vision and action of Sanghas. Most girls from Sangha women families irrespective of caste and social location are now enrolled in schools in the village or sent out to complete their basic education.
?The educational impact of MS programme is quite strong and is evident from the inter- generational shift in favor of girls' education. 77% of the members with no formal education have all the girls in their families in the age group of 6-16 in schools. 30,377 Sangha members are on School Management Committees
?Key areas in which Sanghas have tried to develop links with the government education system include scholarships, fortified food grain, ensuring mid-day meal quality, uniforms and other schooling material, enrolment in KGBVs, construction of toilets and water tanks, adding classes to the school and ensuring teacher attendance.
?60% of the villages where MS is present have at least one Sangha member on the school
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iv. The scheme will fund infrastructure development of private aided/unaided minority institutions to the extent of 75% and subject to a maximum of ` 50 lakhs per institution for strengthening of educational infrastructure and physical facilities in the existing school including (i) additional classrooms, (ii) science / computer lab rooms, (iii) library rooms, (iv) toilets, (v) drinking water facilities and (vi) hostel buildings for children especially for girls.
IDMI scheme has been evaluated in 2013-14 by the K.R. Narayanan Centre for Dalit and Minorities Studies of Jamia Millia Islamia University, Delhi. The evaluation has observed that the Scheme has had a positive impact on the education of minority children as their infrastructure has been strengthened under the Scheme. The main findings are: -
i) The centrally sponsored scheme – IDMI, has been hugely welcomed as a measure of social advancement of education of the minorities. Nearly 90% of the students who have benefitted belong to the Minority Communities. It has resulted in up gradation of infrastructure in many minority institutions.
ii) The scheme promises to have a positive impact on educational achievement of children especially those belonging to a relatively modest socio- economic background by helping them study in a far more comfortable environment with an improved infrastructure.
iii) Parents and members of the community, especially in the rural areas, are looking forward to their children too going to school in a proper building rather than being discouraged by the fact that proper school facilities are meant only for the elite.
iv) Development of infrastructure, such as toilet facilities for girls has ensured that girls are regular to the school. Building hostels has also proved to be an impetus for education amongst minorities in remote areas. With a proper building and infrastructure in place gives the community a confidence that the school will continue, thus adding to the interest generated in the schooling of their children, especially in rural and remote areas.
v) The Scheme should be seen as essentially as a hand holding measure to deprived communities which are clamouring for the cause of education for their children. Therefore, all out effort should be made to facilitate the process of grant of funds. vi) The application process from the date of
application to the release of funds to schools should be institutionalized and time bound so as to make the whole process smooth, transparent and avoid delays in disbursal of funds.
(i) Brief Objective: Mahila Samakhya (MS) is an ongoing scheme for women's empowerment that was initiated in 1989 to translate the goals of the National Policy on Education into a concrete programme for the education and empowerment of women in rural areas, particularly those from socially and economically marginalized groups. The objectives of the MS programme is to create an environment in which education can serve the objectives of women's equality and where women can seek knowledge and information and thereby empower them to play a positive role in their own development and development of society:
(ii) Coverage: Currently the programme is being implemented in 130 districts of eleven States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand and Telangana.
(iii) Targets/Achievements: Targets of the MS programme for 2014-15 were expansion of MS programme in newer areas and consolidation from older districts; strengthening Sanghas and f e d e r a t i o n s f o r t h e i r a c t i v e r o l e i n implementation of RTE; increased focus on mobilization of adolescent girls to ensure their access to mainstream educational resources, and other entitlements; and setting up Nari Adalats to provide greater access to women to alternative justice mechanism.
Against these targets, Mahila Samakhya has been able to expand into 4 new districts, 2048 villages into 17 EBBs in 2014-15. This has involved the formation of 2904 new Mahila Sanghas, with 49050 women members. 35 new federations were registered at the block level and 59 of the old 277 federations achieved autonomy during the
MAHILA SAMAKHYA (MS) PROGRAMME
period. MS has played an important role in the overall implementation of RTE by training SMC members to monitor school infrastructure, teacher-student attendance and school functioning. A total of 2990 new members from Sanghas got nominated to SMCs during this period, reaching a total number of 30377. Further, 1215 girls were enrolled in formal schools after having passed out of Mahila Shikshan Kendras, which have been opened under the programme.
(iv) Overall outcome of the Programme: The MS programme is at present being implemented in 44446 villages in 679 educationally backward blocks of 130 districts in 11 states. The programme reaches out to close to 14.5 million women mobilized into 55402 collectives called Mahila Sanghas. These Mahila Sanaghas have been federated into 325 block level federations to provide a bigger platform to women and take collective action on issues of common concern particularly rights and entitlements of women and gender justice. Active participation of women in electoral processes and in seeking a c c o u n t a b i l i t y i n i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d governance of government schemes has been a significant outcome of the mobilization process. Currently, close to 15000 Sanghas women are elected to Panchayats, and more than 30000 women from Sanghas are nominated to School management Committees who continue to play active role in girls' education and village level development. National Project Office (NPO) has organized 1 conference of SPDs and 1 meeting of National Resource Group (NRG) in the current financial year.
An independent National Evaluation of Mahila Samakhya programme was commissioned to Ravi J. Mathai Centre for Educational Innovation, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. The study was conducted in the months of September and October, 2104. The key findings are as follows:
?MS has successfully mobilized marginalized women, nearly 90% of the Sangha membership is drawn from the disadvantaged sections such as SC and ST.
?96% of the Sanghas have members who regularly participate in GS meetings.
?81% of the old Sanghas and 58 per cent of the newer Sanghas have taken concrete action to demand access to government services and benefits from the authorities/Panchayats. ?Over 55% of Sangha members have competed in
elections and 27% are representing on various committees of PRIs, including 12905 Sangha members having won posts like Sarpanch and Ward members.
?48% of the total federations (325) are functioning autonomously, and close to 60% will become autonomous by March, 2105. This indicates that MS has progressed well down the Sangha- Federation autonomy path.
?All the federations are involved in the education of girls, providing training to the Sangha representatives on education and spreading awareness on girls' education. Federations are well placed to handle social and developmental issues.
?As a consequence of access to information, knowledge and training there is a visible increase in the self-confidence and mobility of women. ?The agenda of girls' education occupies centre
stage in the vision and action of Sanghas. Most girls from Sangha women families irrespective of caste and social location are now enrolled in schools in the village or sent out to complete their basic education.
?The educational impact of MS programme is quite strong and is evident from the inter- generational shift in favor of girls' education. 77% of the members with no formal education have all the girls in their families in the age group of 6-16 in schools. 30,377 Sangha members are on School Management Committees
?Key areas in which Sanghas have tried to develop links with the government education system include scholarships, fortified food grain, ensuring mid-day meal quality, uniforms and other schooling material, enrolment in KGBVs, construction of toilets and water tanks, adding classes to the school and ensuring teacher attendance.
?60% of the villages where MS is present have at least one Sangha member on the school
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management Committee having ensured regularity of teachers in the schools, and overall functioning and accountability of school towards children' education.
?The Nari Adalats (NA) are fairly significant, and their impact has been positive in terms of making available an alternative social justice forum that is gender sensitive, cost-effective and time- efficient to marginalized women.
?The decision of government of Gujarat to scale up Nari Adalat model to all the districts of the state is a vindication of NA's success as alternative justice mechanism for poor women.
Key Recommendations of the Evaluation were:
?There are significant strengths, mainly in the capability to address social injustice, on which future strategies can build. At the same time there are weaknesses related to inability to negotiate formal institutional structures and network for economic empowerment
?Establishing Resource Groups in three areas of focus: Institution Building (especially focusing on the federations); Entrepreneurship; and Gender Awareness, Education and Health. ?Use of technology to support the federations has
to be improved phenomenally. A strong recommendation is to engage the services of an IT designer to suggest a platform for MS, which can be multilingual and enable sharing across the country.
?The National Resource Group (NRG) may have up to 20 nominated members, and a nominated member of the NRG will be required to contribute about four to five days during the year, or about eight to ten days during her 2-year term, to MS programmes in the 11 states.