Modelamiento hidrológico de cuencas con HEC-HMS

2. CAPÍTULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO

2.20 P ROCESOS DE MODELAMIENTO

2.20.1 Modelamiento Hidrológico

2.20.1.1 Modelamiento hidrológico de cuencas con HEC-HMS

G828 > ODU <radio branch> RxPwr > ODU <radio branch> TxPwr > ODU <radio branch> ACM > <Radio Link name>

G828 > ODU <radio branch>

WARNING The G828 > ODU B is available only for equipment with Radio Link in 1+1, 2+0 XPIC, 2x(1+0) or 2x(1+0) E-W configuration.

The G828 > ODU <radio branch> measure checks the quality of the received signal at radio side. The check consists of measuring the following quality parameters:

BBE (Background Block Error). Number of blocks where it has been detected at least one er- rored bit not belonging to SES.

ES (Errored Second). The second when there have been one or more errored blocks.

SES (Severely Errored Second). The second when there have been a percentage of errored blocks > 30% or the second when it has been activated an alarm equivalent to the interruption of the signal at reception.

SEP (Severely Errored Period). Number of periods with a number of consecutive SES comprised between 3 and 9. The sequence is ended by a second without SES.

UAS (UnAvailable Seconds). Number of unavailability seconds. The counting of the seconds starts after P consecutive seconds with SES presence and it ends at the beginning of a period of Q consecutive seconds without SES. The P seconds are counted into the unavailability period. The Q and P values can be configured.

The BBE, ES, SES, UAS parameters are implemented according to G.829 ITU-T Rec. The SEP parameter is implemented according to G.828 ITU-T Rec.

RxPwr > ODU <radio branch>

WARNING The RxPwr > ODU B is available only for equipment with Radio Link in 1+1, 2+0 XPIC, 2x(1+0) or 2x(1+0) E-W configuration.

The RxPwr > ODU <radio branch> measure checks the power of signal at reception. The check consists of measuring the following quality parameters:

TMMax (Tide Mark Max). Maximum value reached by the power at reception (RL) during the observation period (15 min or 24 hours).

TMMin (Tide Mark Min). Minimum value reached by the power at reception (RL) during the ob- servation period (15 min or 24 hours).

Average Level. Average level of the power at reception (RL) during the observation period (15 min or 24 hours).

Rlts (Received Level Threshold Second). Number of seconds where it has been detected that the value of the power at reception (RL - Received Level) is lower than the pre-defined threshold level. It is possible to define up to a maximum of 5 threshold levels.

The parameters are implemented according to Standard EN 301 129 of the ETSI.

TxPwr > ODU <radio branch>

WARNING The TxPwr > ODU B is available only for equipment with Radio Link in 1+1, 2+0 XPIC, 2x(1+0) or 2x(1+0) E-W configuration.

The TxPwr > ODU <radio branch> measure checks the power of signal at transmission. The check consists of measuring the following quality parameters:

TMMax (Tide Mark Max). Maximum value reached by the power at transmission (TL) during the observation period (15 min or 24 hours).

TMMin (Tide Mark Min). Minimum value reached by the power at transmission (TL) during the observation period (15 min or 24 hours).

Average Level. Average level of the power at transmission (TL) during the observation period (15 min or 24 hours)

Tlts (Transmitted Level Threshold Second). Number of seconds where it has been detected that the value of the power at transmission (TL - Transmitted Level) is higher than the pre-defined threshold level. It is possible to define up to a maximum of 4 threshold levels.

The parameters are implemented according to Standard EN 301 129 of the ETSI.

ACM > <Radio Link name>

WARNING Measure available and meaningful if the adaptive modulation is active.

The ACM > <Radio Link name> traces the trend of the ACM profiles (receiver) in the time.

The trend is traced using one counter for each ACM profile and further counters (Unavailable, UpShift and

DownShift):

4QAM Str. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 4QAM Str has been active.

4QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 4QAM has been active.

16QAM Str. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 16QAM Str has been active.

16QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 16QAM has been active.

32QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM ACM 32QAM has been active.

64QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 64QAM has been active.

128QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 128QAM has been active.

256QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 256QAM has been active.

512QAM Str. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the pro- file ACM 512QAM Str has been active.

51QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 512QAM.

1024QAM Str. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the pro- file ACM 1024QAM Str has been active.

1024QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 1024QAM has been active.

2048QAM. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the profile ACM 2048QAM has been active.

Unavailable. Number of seconds, within the specific observation period, during which the count has not been possible because the current ACM profile was not connected to the radio. DownShift. Number of times the ACM profile, during the specific observation period, has changed assuming an ACM profile lower than the previous one.

UpShift. Number of times the ACM profile, during the specific observation period, has changed assuming an ACM profile higher than the previous one.

WARNING The representation in graphical and table format of the counter results (see Fig.3) uses a counter resolution with granularity of 1 second. If the modulation change has lasted for less than 1 second, it will not be indicated by the modulation counters (4QAM Str, 4QAM, etc.) but by the counter DownShift or Up-

shift.

PM measures (info)

A PM measure consists of recording, during a pre-defined time range (observation period), the values of specific parameters.

Some threshold limits have been assigned to such control parameters (the setting of the thresholds can be changed).

The exceeding of the threshold limit indicates a more or less serious degradation of the signal. This condi- tion generates an alarm.

The alarms relevant to the threshold exceeding are treated by the equipment and by the application as normal alarms. The only exception is that the alarm is not automatically reset at the return into the threshold limit but the user has to execute the reset of this kind of alarms.

The control parameters under examination change according to the equipment type and to the measure type supported by that type of equipment. Usually, all the executed measures refer to ITU-T Recommen-

dations (eg. G.828, etc.).

The activation (and the deactivation) of the PM measures can be executed by the user.

When it has been activated a PM measure, the equipment starts the storing of the values relevant to the control parameters.

The results of the measures are sub-divided into records. Each record contains the values recorded into a specific time range (observation period).

If at the end of the observation period, the measure has not yet been deactivated the system starts another observation period and so on until when the operator stops the measure.

The equipment group the results of the PM measures into observation period of 15 minutes (primary records) and of 24 hours (daily records).

The observation periods can not be synchronized with the instant when the measure is activated but such records refer, for the primary records, to the quarter of an hour (00.00, 00.15, 00.30, etc.) and, for the daily records, to the time 00.00 UTC (Universal Time, Coordinated).

For instance, if a measure starts at 11.40, the first primary record will have as observation period the time 11.4011.45 (corresponding to the time range 11.3011.45), while the first daily record will have as observation period 11.4000.00.

When the user requires the display of the results of the PM measures, the daily and primary records rele- vant to the running PM measures are displayed in the WEB LCT page of the equipment.

For each type of measure, the equipment keeps stored the current records and also the last 16 primary records (corresponding to the last 4 hours) and the last daily one (corresponding to the preceding day). The preceding records are overwritten.

When the operator stops a measure, the system stores the uncompleted current record.

If the operator activates and deactivates the measure more times during the same observation period, the system will store the record that contains the results of the last executed measure.

For instance if the measure has been activated at 9.02 and deactivated at 9.07, then it has been newly activated at 9.09, the record relevant to the observation period 9.009.15 will contain the results of the measures relevant to the period 9.099.15, while the ones relevant to the period 9.029.07 will not be stored.

If equipment has some PM measures on progress and it is re-started up or turned off, when it will succes- sively restarted or turned on the measures activated before the turning off will be automatically re-started. The records (primary and daily), relevant to the period when measure has been stopped, will result empty and when it has been reached the limit of 16 primary records and 1 daily one, they will overwrite the preceding records.