1 APORTACIONES TEÓRICAS SOBRE INTELIGENCIA
1.3 John mayer y peter salovey
1.3.1 Modelo de habilidad (ce)
LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
If you are responsible for a hilltop, escarpment or other well-used launching or landing point, you could work with your local authority and relevant recreation bodies to ensure that any disturbance or damage by air sports is minimised.
Access to Scotland’s beaches and coastline is important, particularly as many people enjoy these places. Where appropriate, work with your local authority and other bodies to help facilitate and manage such access. Access rights are exercisable above the surface of the land and so extend to
non-motorised air sports, such as paragliding. By their very nature, many of these activities require the use of hilltops and escarpments. Maintain good liaison with relevant land managers at well-used launching and landing points. Take care not to alarm wildlife or farm animals and avoid damaging crops. If you wish to set up a landing point, such as for an event, contact the relevant land manager(s).
Access rights extend to beaches and the foreshore. Follow any local guidance aimed at reducing dune or machair erosion or at avoiding
disturbance of nesting birds. Public rights on the foreshore will continue to exist, including shooting wildfowl, fishing for sea fish, lighting fires, beachcombing, swimming, playing and picnicking.
AIR SPORTS
BEACHES AND THE FORESHORE
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
All managers of canals are encouraged to facilitate access to towpaths by all types of user and to provide information on where people can best exercise access rights on canals and towpaths. Access rights extend to canals, canal towpaths and canal embankments, but
the amount of recreational and commercial use and the safety issues arising means that this use has to be managed. If you wish to canoe or undertake other water-based activities on canals, follow any local byelaws or
regulations, including the Waterways Code. Remember that canals can sometimes be confined and may contain deep water. For safety reasons, always give way to motorised craft. Canal locks and lifts are regarded as structures and so access rights do not apply. However, access across some lock gates might be possible where specific provision for access has been made.
Some people stay overnight on boats on canals and so you need to respect the privacy and peace of those living in boats. Take care not to cause alarm or annoyance, especially at night. Some towpaths can provide good access for cycling and horse riding, but when a towpath becomes too narrow or dangerous, such as where there are low bridges, then dismount. Keep dogs on a short lead to avoid causing problems for other users and for wildlife.
CANALS
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Where appropriate, work with your local authority and/or recreation groups to identify suitable parking and launching sites. Where intensive recreational use causes safety, operational or environmental concerns you could work with your local authority and/or recreation groups to determine what management measures might be needed. Wherever possible, if a club or group of users wishes to have a motorised rescue boat present for safety reasons give permission for this. Access rights extend to non-motorised water-based activities, such as
canoeing, rafting, rowing and sailing. Make sure that the river, loch or reservoir is appropriate for your activity and the numbers involved, take care not to interfere unreasonably with other interests and avoid going close to water intakes, abstraction points or spillways. On some water bodies that are intensively used for a wide range of activities, various management measures, such as zoning and byelaws, may be needed for safety or water quality reasons and to protect the environment. Follow any agreed guidance provided.
Respect the needs of anglers by avoiding nets or other fishing tackle. When close to anglers keep noise and other disturbance to a minimum. On lochs, keep a safe distance from anglers. On rivers or other confined waters, await a signal from the angler or ghillie to proceed if they have a line in the water and follow any suggested route they indicate if safe and practicable to do so. Take extra care when entering and leaving water to avoid damaging the banks or disturbing wildlife, and use a public slipway if one is close by. cont.
CANOEING, RAFTING, ROWING AND SAILING
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Do not pollute the water.
If you wish to canoe or sail on a loch or reservoir used intensively by a commercial fishery, be aware that this can be very disruptive, may raise safety issues because of the high number of anglers in a relatively small area and may impact on the operation of these businesses. Always talk to the land manager before going onto such water.
CANOEING, RAFTING, ROWING AND SAILING cont.
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Where appropriate, such as where there is a lot of informal parking causing local concerns, work with your local authority and other bodies to see if a formal car park could be provided.
Access rights do not extend to any motorised activities. However, many people use their cars to get into the outdoors and parking a vehicle without regard to the interests of other people can cause problems. Therefore, when you park your vehicle it is important not to cause any damage or create an obstruction by:
• not blocking an entrance to a field or building;
• not making it difficult for other people to use a road or track; • having regard for the safety of others;
• trying not to damage the verge; and • using a car park if one is nearby.
CAR PARKING
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Access rights extend to climbing. Follow any agreements between a land manager and recreational groups that seek, for example, to safeguard a rare bird nesting site (such an agreement might ask you not to climb particular cliffs or sections of cliffs during the breeding season). If you are camping close to a cliff, follow the guidance for wild camping.
CLIMBING
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
You can charge for services provided and for entry to buildings. Public bodies should provide information to visitors on how they might best avoid causing any damage or disturbance to a site. Access rights do not apply to buildings or to other cultural heritage sites
where a legitimate entry charge is levied. In other cases, such as many unsupervised historic or archaeological sites, access rights apply. These sites can be of great value, though they might not always be obvious on the ground, so it is important to look after them. Follow any local byelaws, regulations or approved guidance asking you to modify your behaviour in order to protect a cultural heritage site. Leave the site as you find it by: • taking care not to move, disturb, damage or deface any stones, walls,
structures or other features; • not removing anything from it;
• not lighting fires, camping or using metal detectors there; • not interfering with or entering any archaeological excavations.
CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Where possible, work with your local authority and other bodies to help identify paths or routes across your land which are suited for cycling. If you need to put a fence across a path or track then install a gate which allows multi-use access.
Access rights extend to cycling. Cycling on hard surfaces, such as wide paths and tracks, causes few problems. On narrow routes, cycling may cause problems for other people, such as walkers and horse riders. If this occurs, dismount and walk until the path becomes suitable again. Do not endanger walkers and horse riders: give other users advance warning of your presence and give way to them on a narrow path. Take care not to alarm farm animals, horses and wildlife. If you are cycling off-path, particularly in winter, avoid:
• going onto wet, boggy or soft ground; and • churning up the surface.
CYCLING
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Owners are encouraged to support access across dams if there are no specific safety issues. Take steps to advise people of any water discharges likely to cause a hazard. Whenever possible, respond positively to any requests for information concerning water discharges to support the exercise of access rights.
Dams are generally regarded as structures and in these cases access rights do not apply. However, access across dams is accepted by many land managers and so you should be able to continue to take access across such dams. Follow any local guidance on safety precautions.
DAMS
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Respect the needs of people exercising access rights responsibly, by being aware of where recreational use is likely. Putting up signs, although generally not necessary, may help people to use alternative routes. Deer control can take place within forests all year round, often around dawn
and dusk. You can help to minimise disturbance by taking extra care at these times, and by following any signs and notices, if deer stalking is taking place.
DEER STALKING IN FORESTS AND WOODS
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Be aware of where recreational use is likely, such as along paths, popular routes and ridge lines. Tell people about where stalking is taking place by using a Hillphones service or by using signs and information boards (in accordance with this Code) to give on-the-day information on stalking and alternative routes.
Deer management can take place during many months of the year but the most sensitive time is the stag stalking season (usually from 1 July to 20 October, but with most stalking taking place from August onwards). During this season, you can help to minimise disturbance by taking
reasonable steps to find out where stalking is taking place (such as by using the Hillphones service where one is available) and by taking account of advice on alternative routes. Avoid crossing land where stalking is taking place. Stalking does not normally take place on Sundays.
DEER STALKING ON THE OPEN HILL
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Where appropriate, work with your local authority to identify routes, including core paths that can be easily used by people with a disability. Wherever reasonably practicable, provide gates, rather than stiles, on paths and tracks. This will help some disabled people, such as wheelchair users. Access rights apply to everyone, including people with a disability. Access
rights extend to being on or crossing land in a motorised vehicle or vessel which has been constructed or adapted for use by a person with a disability and which is being used by that person. Follow the Highway Code at all times. If you are using such a vehicle or vessel, take care to avoid disturbing animals or wildlife, and respect the needs of other people exercising access rights and the needs of land managers.
DISABLED ACCESS
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Do not allow a guard dog or working dog to alarm people, especially close to paths and tracks
Access rights apply to people walking dogs provided that their dog(s) is kept under proper control. Your main responsibilities are:
• never let your dog worry or attack livestock;
• do not take your dog into fields where there are lambs, calves or other young animals;
• do not take your dog into fields of vegetables or fruit unless there is a clear path, such as a core path or a right of way, but keep your dog to the path;
• if you go into a field of farm animals, keep your dog(s) on a short lead or under close control and keep as far as possible from the animals; • if cattle react aggressively and move towards you, keep calm, let the
dog go and take the shortest, safest route out of the field; cont.
DOGS
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
• during the bird breeding season (usually April to July), keep your dog under close control or on a short lead in areas such as moorland, forests, grassland, loch shores and the seashore;
• in recreation areas and other public places avoid causing concern to others by keeping your dog under close control or on a short lead; and • pick up and remove your dog’s faeces if it defecates in a public open
place.
DOGS cont.
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Many paths and tracks go through farmyards. If there is no right of way or core path through your farmyard, you are encouraged to continue to allow access where this does not interfere
unreasonably with your work. You could work with your local authority to signpost the best route through or around your farmyard.
Although access rights do not extend to farmyards, many people take access through farmyards when following paths and tracks. In practice: • if a right of way or core path goes through a farmyard, you can follow
this at any time;
• if a reasonable, passable alternative route is signposted around the farmyard and buildings, then you should follow this.
In the absence of a right of way, core path or reasonable, signposted route around the farmyard and buildings, you:
• might be able to go through the farmyard if the farmer is content or if access has been taken on a customary basis in the past; or you • could exercise your access rights to go around the farmyard and
buildings.
If you do go through a farmyard, proceed safely and carefully, watch out for machinery or livestock, and respect the privacy of those living on the farm.
FARMYARDS
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Leaving uncultivated margins can help people to exercise access rights responsibly and help to support wildlife so it makes sense, wherever possible, to do this.
When grass has just been sown, treat it like any other crop and follow the appropriate guidance (see fields of growing crops). When on land in which grass is being grown for hay or silage you can exercise access rights unless it is at such a late stage of growth that it might be damaged. Such grass will be grown in enclosed fields and have no animals grazing on it. A "late stage of growth" is considered to be when the grass is above ankle height (about 8 inches or 20 cm). In such cases, use paths or tracks where they exist or go along the margins of the field. Grass can also be grown for turf, usually on relatively flat ground and in large fields. In these cases, use paths or tracks where they exist or go along the margins of the field, when the turf is at an early stage of establishment or if you are cycling or horse riding.
FIELDS OF GRASS, HAY, AND SILAGE
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Leaving uncultivated margins can help people to exercise access rights responsibly and help to support wildlife so it makes sense, wherever possible, to do this.
When exercising access rights in a field of crops, avoid damaging the crop by:
• using any paths or tracks;
• using the margins of the field (if the margin is narrow or has been planted, avoid causing unnecessary damage by keeping close to the edge in single file);
• going along any unsown ground (providing this does not damage the crop); or by
• considering alternative routes on neighbouring ground.
FIELDS OF GROWING CROPS
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Keep the area affected, and the duration and type of any limitation, to the minimum required. Where reasonably practicable, provide information on the area sprayed, the material used and the dates for the period of risk at any obvious access points, such as car parks and gates. Remove signs and notices when they are no longer needed.
Land managers often need to apply fertilisers or other materials, such as slurry or lime, to fields of crops. The duration of the hazard depends on the material used but can extend from a few hours to four days in the case of sulphuric acid. As these can be dangerous to public health, land managers are required to ensure that people do not enter land on which pesticides have been used. Follow any advice asking you to avoid using particular routes or areas at these times.
FIELDS WHERE CROPS ARE BEING SPRAYED AND FERTILISED
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RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY LAND MANAGERS
RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY THE PUBLIC
Where necessary, tell people about the area affected and for how long, and provide an alternative route if a core path is affected. Reinstate a path that has been ploughed.
Access rights extend to such fields but do not hinder such work. If you encounter such work while it is under way, proceed carefully, keep a safe distance and follow any advice provided by the land manager. It might be safest to go into a neighbouring field or keep to the edge of the field.
FIELDS WHICH ARE BEING PLOUGHED OR WHERE CROPS ARE BEING HARVESTED
FIELDS WITH FARM ANIMALS
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Keep animals known to be dangerous away from fields crossed by a core path or other well-used route. If this is not possible, tell the public and signpost a reasonable alternative route.
Access rights extend to such fields, but remember that some animals, particularly cows with calves but also horses, pigs and farmed deer, can react aggressively towards people. Before entering a field, check to see