Modelo del Sistema Interfuncional Integrado de la Competitividad en Destinos Turísticos

by a l l s t a t e s w ith reasonable regard t o t h e i n t e r e s t s o f <^ther s t a t e s in t h e i r e x r c i s e o f t h e freedom o f th e high

seas.

A r t i c l e s 4 and 5 on th e N a t i o n a l i t y o f ships was th e conse­ quence o f th e on-go ing " f l a g debate" concerning th e q u e stio n o f th e use o f th e s o - c a l l e d " f l a g s o f convenience" or "cheap f l a g s " by shipowners from t r a d i t i o n a l m a ritim e c o u n t r i e s ( m o s t l y t h e U.S. and Greece) who r e g i s t e r e d t h e i r ships in o t h e r c o u n t r ie s -namely L ib e ­ ria,Panam a,Berm uda- in o rd e r t o avoid high t a x a t i o n , s t r i n g e n t la b o u r l e g i s l a t i o n and high ship c o n s tu c tio n requirem ents l a i d down

in t h e i r own c o u n t r i e s . The opponents o f t h i s system were a b le to

in c lu d e p r o v is io n s on a requirem ent o f a "genuine l i n k " between

f l a g and f l a g s t a t e . A r t i c l e 5 ( 1 ) s t a t e s :

Each s t a t e s h a ll f i x th e c o n d it io n s f o r th e g ra n t o f i t s n a t i o n a l i t y t o s h i p s , f o r th e r e g i s t r a t i o n o f ships in

i t s t e r r i t o r y , a n d f o r th e r i g h t t o f l y i t s f l a g . Ships

have t h e n a t i o n a l i t y o f th e s ta e whose f l a g th e y are

e n t i t l e d t o f l y . There must e x i s t a genuine l i n k between

t h e s t a t e and th e s h ip ; in p a r t i c u l a r , th e s t a t e must e f f e c t i v e l y e x e r c is e i t s j u r i s d i c t i o n and c o n tr o l in admi­ n i s t r a t i v e , t e c h n i c a l and s o c ia l m a tte rs over ships f l y i n g i t s f l a g .

A d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e C o n t in e n ta l S h e lf was pro vid ed by t h e 1958 Con­ v e n tio n \ ^ i c h a ls o gave e x c lu s iv e r i g h t s t o c o a s ta l s t a t e s over th e e x p l o r a t i o n and e x p l o i t a t i o n o f a l l resources on t h e S h e l f . A r t i c l e 2 g ives c o a s ta l s t a t e s th e f o l l o w i n g r i g h t s : i . The c o a s ta l s t a t e e x e r c is e s over t h e c o n t i n e n t a l s h e l f sovereign r i g h t s f o r th e purpose o f e x p lo r in g i t and e x p l o i t i n g i t s n a t u r a l re s o u rc e s . i i . The r i g h t s r e f e r r e d t o in p a r a . i o f t h i s A r t i c l e are

e x c lu s iv e in t h e sense t h a t i f t h e c o a s ta l s t a t e does not