Control de proceso en lazo cerrado
4.6 Modo reposo mejorado
INTRODUCTION :
The history of India reveals the fact that milk plays a very vital role in life of people and the development of culture. This dairy industry started since the time of Lord Krishna, which could make much modification and exists as dairy industry. In the past the people of a particular sect called Yadava‟s had this occupation of rearing / breeding the cattle and get milk and its by-products. The modified version of this is
the dairy industry that exists today.
People thus accepted dairy as their occupation. In order to encourage them Government of India had taken certain necessary steps. The main intention of the Government is the upliftment of backward people by granting loans and also solves the unemployment.
Taking advantage of these schemes a new and a large number of dairy farms have come to existence. A group of people from a village from society and represent the dairy. This has made their standard of living easier. Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Ltd. is one among them.
This is a fast growing organization meeting all its customers requirements and successful in satisfying them. Since its working operations are vague its working capital requirements also very high. Working capital is the amount required to meet day-to-day operation at the organization. An absence of these makes the functioning of the organization blind. A proper study on working capital management results in prevention of mismanagement and misutilisation of funds. It also help in functioning
of organization in the preplanned way of achieving all its goals and objectives.
ESTABLISHMENT OF VISAKHA DAIRY :
State Government of Andhra Pradesh started the „Anand Pattern‟ for Dairy
development through Operation Flood programme in which this Dairy had joined and
became its member in 1981. Sri Vijaya Visakha District Milk Producers Co-operative
Union Limited (Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Ltd.) was registered
under Co-operatives societies Act 1964 in 1973 and it was re-registered under the
Mutually aided co-operative societies Act 1955 in the name of Sri Vijaya Visakha
District Milk Producers mutually aided Co-operative Union Limited (Visakha Co-
Operative Dairy) in 1999.
The present new Dairy was constructed with an initial capacity of 50,000 Ltrs.
Per day with a loan of Rs.98.50 lakhs from National Co-operative Development
Corporation (NCDC), which completed and Commissioned during the year 1977. The
present dairy was started as a small society with a group of Milk suppliers in the year
1977. Later on due to it‟s continuous profits it was undertaken by State Government
of Andhra Pradesh, which brought many changes. A union comprising of
Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam was formed under the name “Sri
Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Limited” during the year 1981– 82. It affiliated to
Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development Co-operation Federation Limited
Origin and Growth of the Organization :
The Government after considering dairying is one of the best instruments for
bringing socio – economic development in the rural areas has started a dairy with an
handling capacity of 10,000 liters per day in 1966. Dairying not only creates
subsidiary occupation to the rural farmer by rating responsible market price for his
produce at his doorstep by also meets. The demand of the urban consumers for the
supply of hygienic quality milk at reasonable price after observing the success of the
small dairy. The present new dairy was constructed with an initial capacity of 50,000
liters per day taking loan Rs.98.30 lakhs 1.37 crores.
From national cooperative development corporation, this completed and
commissioned during the year 1977.
This dairy was registered under cooperative societies act in 1973. At the stage
the area of operation was limited to Visakhapatnam district only. The farmers took lot
of interest in dairying after realizing it as the subsidiary occupation as it is giving
them regular income for their livelihood with the result more and smaller and
marginal farmers land agricultural laborers joined in this stream for increasing their
economy at the village level utilizing the infrastructure available at their door steps.
When the AP state has adopted “Anand Pattern” for dairy development through (of)
operation flood programme this cooperative dairy has also joined in the line in 1981
and become a member of the AP dairy development Co-operative Federation Limited
at apex level.
At this stage the union comprising of the districts Vizianagaram, Srikakulam,
Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam was formed under the name of “Sri Vijaya District
converted to mutually Aided Cooperative Act ‟95 from 08-07-1999 and its name also
changed as “Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Limited.
The production and procurement started increasing year by year with more
participation of rural farmers the production capacity of Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk
Producers Company Ltd. increased time as follows.
1986 – 87 50,000 lts to 1,00,000 lts. Per day 1989 – 90 10,00,000 lts to 1,50,000 lts. Per day 1991 – 92 1,50,000 lts to 2,00,000 lts. Per day 2000 – 01 2,00,000 lts. to 3,00,000 lts. Per day 2002 – 03 3,00,000 lts to 5,00,000 lts. Per day 2003 – 04 5,00,000 lts. to 6,00,000 lts. Per day 2004 – 05 6,00,000 lts. to 7,00,000 lts. Per day
The Plant – Installed Capacities :
S.No. Unit Name Present Handling
Capacity (lts/Per day)
Peak Handling Hr. Per day
1 Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk
Producers Company Ltd. 6,00,000 7,00,000 2 MCC – Narsipatnam 50,000 4,13,111 3 MCC – Ramabhadrapuram 30,000 23,090 4 MCC – Srikakulam 20,000 16,200 5 MCC – Vizianagaram 20,000 25,896 6 MCC – Tuni 20,000 15,388 7 MCC – Tekkali 6,000 800 8 MCC – Seethampet 1,000
PROFILE OF VISAKHA DAIRY:
The milk shed of Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Limited,
Visakhapatnam comprises of three districts Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and
Visakhapatnam. These three districts are situated in the northeastern part of the
coastal area of Andhra Pradesh State and considered to be backward for Agricultural
and Industrial Development. The perennial source of water for irrigation through
rivers and river lets is also very much limited especially in Visakhapatnam and
Vizianagaram Districts. Therefore, the rural farmers mostly belonging to small and
marginal categories have necessarily to depend on some other source of income for
the livelihood.
The government after considering dairying is one of the best instrument for
bringing socioeconomic development in the rural areas has started a dairy with an
Dairying not only creates subsidiary occupation to the rural farmer by creating
reasonable market price for his produce at his doorstep but also meets the demand of
the urban consumers for the supply of hygienic quality at reasonable price. After
observing the success of the small dairy, the present new dairy was constructed with
an initial capacity of 50,000 liters per day taking loan Rs.89.50 lakhs from National
Cooperative Development Corporation, which completed and commissioned during
the year 1977. This dairy was registered under cooperative society‟s act 1973.
At the initial stage, the area of operation was limited to Visakhapatnam district
only. The farmers took lot of interest in dairying after realizing it as the subsidiary
occupation as it is giving them regular income for their livelihood. With the result,
more and more small and marginal farmers and agricultural labour joined in the
stream for increasing their economy at village level utilizing the infrastructure
available at their doorsteps.
When the A.P. State has adopted “Anand Pattern” for dairy development
through operation (or) programme this co-operative dairy has also joined in the line
1981 and become a member of A.P. level. At the state, union comprising of Districts
Viz., Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam was formed under the name of
“Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Limited” during the year 1981 – 1982.
The union is converted to mutually aided cooperative act 1995 from 08-07-1999 and
it‟s name also changed as Sri Vijaya Visakha Co-operative Milk Producers Mutually
LOCATION:
The selected unit Sri Vijaya Visakha Milk Producers Company Limited,
Visakhapatnam is situated at Akkireddypalem. It is on the National Highway of
Howrah to Madras. It is surrounded by number of village where people habituated in
dairying the selected unit is ideal in all respects either in procurement of milk or
distributed milk.
Milk Procurement :
The union is procuring milk through a network of 848 primary milk
producer‟s cooperatives and 1258 unregistered centers in the 3 districts of
Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam. He average daily procurement of this
union during 2003 – 04 is 3,19,450-00 liters per day and during 2004 – 05 up to June
is 6,90,266 liters per day and as on date of present procurement is 3,20,000 liters per
day. The peak quantity touched during the year 2002 – 2003 is 4.20 liters per day. The
payment for the milk procured is made once in fortnight based on the fat and SNF
contents of the milk transported to dairy and its units through a network of 54 milk
routes in three districts.
1) Technical Input activities :
The Visakha union is not only Procuring, processing and marketing the milk
which collected from various inputs to the producers to improve their cattle wealth
and also to improve socio-economic living standards through increase in milk
The following inputs are provided to milk producers :
Animal Health care Artificial Insemination Feed and fodder activity
Premixed cattle feed is being supplied at the rate of Rs.4.00 / Kg. 1 Distribution of fodder minikits on 50% subsidy etc.
Extension activities Film shows
Pamphlets and Charts Distribution Cattle insure scheme
Statement showing the Details of Different Activities of Visakha Union as on June 2004 :
1 No. of Societies 848
2 No. of Women Societies 67
3 No. of MPACS 1258
4 No. of Milk Chilling Centers 6
5 No. of feed mixing plants 1
6 Union training centers 1
7 No. of Bulk cooling centers 47
8 No. of milk collection routes 50
9 No. of veterinary fist aids centers 592
10 No. of emerging veterinary routes 19
11 No. of producers in Societies 1,68,782
12 No. of women members 312
13 No. of animals vaccinated (Triovac) 10,000
2) Training Center :
The union has its own regional training center near Hanumanthawaka with
boarding and lodging facilities and is imparting for the society personnel in the
following fields.
- 40 Days A1 Programme
- 20 Days A1 Programme
- 10 Days Veterinary first aid training
- 30 Days paid secretaries training etc.
Bulk Cooling Centers :
With a view to stand stiff in global competition, Visakha union on the quality
front installed 47 bulk milk cooling centers covering procurement of 1,55,680 during.
The year 2003 – 04 and as on date 1,60,300 liters of quality milk is being received
and in unique feature of this union.
OBJECTIVES:
There is time saving for the farmers in supply of milk to their respective
village milk collection centers both AM PM.
The quality of milk will be maintained by restricting the transit me.
The weithment and testing of milk will be done in the presence of the
representatives who bring milk to the bulk cooling points.
The expenditure involved in transport of milk both times will be reduced
3) Marketing :
At present we have total no. of 2172 milk booths, out of which 450 outlets are
selling milk and milk products round the clock. We are supplying milk and milk
products in the three districts of north coastal Andhra Viz., Srikakulam,
Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, Kakinada, Rajahmundry and Tuni in East Godavari
District. We are distributing milk through 36 routes for a wider coverage and
accessibility of the public. We have been doing many of sales promotion activities
with innovative ideas for development of milk market.
1) Promotional Activities
i. Hoardings
ii. Glow Sign boards
iii. Wall Painting
iv. Banners, Carry bags
v. Press add etc.
2) Consumer education programmed
3) Training to field staff to upgrade the skills.
I. Milk Products are being sold through distributors :
At present we have total no. of 2172 milk booths, out of which 450
outlets are selling milk and milk products round the clock. We are supplying
milk and milk products in the three districts of north coastal Andhra Viz.,
Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, Kakinada, Rajahmundry and Tuni
VETERINARY HEALTH CARE:
346 veterinary first aid centers are functioning in the union. These centers are
started where there are no A.H. Departmental Institutions. One of the employees of
dairy co-operative society is trained in veterinary firs aid that is attending to this
work.
The union is presently handling 14 emergency routes in Visakhapatnam
District with different mandals in their districts of cater the emergency veterinary
needs of the milk producers of motorcycle. The medicine is supplied on free of cost.
SOCIETY BUILDING CONSTRUCTED SO FAR : Visakhapatnam District 275
Vizianagaram District 68
Srikakulam District 20 363 TRAINING CENTERS :
This union has its own regional training center near Hanumanthwaka with
boarding and lodging facilities and is imparting for the society personnel.
FOODER FORM:
In the training premises a Fodder Farm is established both for demonstration
to the trainees and seed multiplication. The following fodder grasses are growth in the
farm.
1. CO-1 2. NB-21 3. Para 4. Gunia
During the year 1997 – 98 fodder slips to cover an area of 130 acres were
EDUCATION PROGRAMMES:
1. Member education programme.
2. Women education programme.
3. Paid secretaries organization programme.
4. P & T organization and motivation programme etc.
Through Visakha Dairy Training center, which is situated at Mudasarlova,
Visakhapatnam, which has got all facilities for intensive training, programme.
TECHNICAL INPUT PROGRAMMES:
1. Veterinary first aid centers and emergency routes
2. Artificial insemination and distribution of breeding bulls.
3. Distribution of feed and fodder at subsidized rates.
4. Extension activities like film shows, cattle shows and distribution of
certain vacancies are 50% cost.
WELFARE ACTIVITY FOR MILK PRODUCERS & EMPLOYEES:
This union has constituted a Trust by name “milk producers and Employees
educational, Health & Medical Welfare facilities to the milk producers, dairy
employees and their children. It is not our of place to mention that this a unique
enterprise embarked upon by his entire state.
LIFE INSURANCE SCHEME TO THE MILK PRODUCERS:
Life Insurance Scheme and Accidental policy were covered by to nearly 1.00
MILK MARKETING :
To cater the needs of the consumers in Visakhapatnam city and also in the
important towns of Anakapalli, Paderu, Araku, Narsipatnam, Vizinagaram,
Srikakulam, Tuni and Kakinada Milk is being supplied in sachets as indicated
hereunder.
VISAKHA DAIRY BRANCHES: Visakhapatnam District :
1. Distribution Routes 38
2. Parlors 400
3. Milk Sales Points 1500
Vizianagaram District :
1. Distribution Routes 7
2. Parlors 18
3. Milk Sales Points 130
Srikakulam District:
1. Distribution Routes 4
2. Parlors 40
3. Milk Sales Points 120
East Godavari District :
1. Parlors 30
2. Milk Sales Points 815
The present milk sales in the Union in 3,12,000 lts. per day. The following
Table No. 2.1
Quality Type of Milk Quality Standard Rate of Liters
2,00,000 Tones Milk Fat 3%, SNF 8.5% Rs.16/-
30,000 Whole Milk Fat 6%, SNF 9% Rs.22/-
10,000 S.T. Milk Fat 4%, SNF 9% Rs.18/-
60,000 H.T. Milk Fat 3%, SNF 8.5% Rs.16/-
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF VISAKHA CO-OPERATIVE DAIRY: Sri Vijaya dairy is the first of its kinds in A.P. established in the co-operative
sector. This dairy is set up in the Ananda Pattern. In this setup the milk producers
from co-operative societies are at the village level. These societies are managed by the
elected representation. The president of each of the co-operative union elected the
director. There are nominated director also the board comprising chairman of the
board. Thus, this dairy is established on a three cover systems. The three-cover system
means village dairy co-operative society at the village level managed by the managed
representative of producers. A co-operative federation union at district level managed
by the village representatives. Dairy co-operative societies and a co-operative
federation at the state leve, which is apex body.
In the year 1971, dairy co-operative normally launched a plant in Visakha with
a handling capacity of 6000 liters per day.
The board management of union comprising 12 elected board of directors
from the village dairy co-operative society and 5 ex office board of directors
federation. Director of Animal Husbandry, Register of Co-operative Societies
representative of financing agency and dairy expert.
After a big spell of one and half year the management of the dairy was
hundred over to the Visakha district milk producers co-operative union limited by the
government of A.P.
The general management is responsible for implementation of policies and
decisions, which are taken by the board of directors. Board of directors elect the
chairman for every 3 years and be taken the important decisions regarding the
management of Sri Vijaya Visakha Dairy under the General Manager. There are three
deputy General Managers for
1. Finance & Accounts 2. Procurement & Input and 3. Plant & Production
Under deputy general manager, one account manager and five assistant
managers are working under the deputy general manager procurement and input, one
sub – veterinary officer and 5 managers are there to look after the procurement
fodder, co-operative artificial and inseminating and training center. Activities
respectively under the deputy general manager (plan and production) one assistant
dairy engineer, one dairy manager, cattle feed plant manager. Coverage Junior
Engineer is working in each and every department; senior assistant and junior
assistants are employed for electrical activities.
DATA BASE:
The data required for this study is collected from both primary and secondary sources. The statistical statement relating to financial structure of the solicited unit
consents of secondary sources of information. Such information is collected from various annual reports, records of the unit.
PERIOD OF STUDY :
The period is so taken for their present study from 2000 – 01 to 2005 – 2006