Although more skin cancers are seen than malignancies involving any other organ, this is least commonly a cause of cancer death. Inasmuch as the lesion can be seen with the naked eye in an early stage, the potential for cure is well over 90%. It is thought that the single most important factor in the cause of skin cancer is chronic exposure to ultraviolet light of the sunburn wavelength (UV-B). Individuals who are intensely pigmented are quite well protected from these rays. Fair-complexioned individuals and albinos should especially use sunscreen preparations. All should avoid unnecessary exposure to x-rays, coal tar products, and arsenic preparations known to be
carcinogens.
Seventy-five percent of all skin cancers are of the basal cell carcinoma type. These rarely metastasize, but are locally invasive. The cancer typically begins as a noninflamed, smooth, waxy nodule. Usually a number of small blood vessels are visible near the surface. These nodules often ulcerate and form a crust. Biopsy and excision will confirm the diagnosis; as well as treat the lesion. Simple excision gives the best cosmetic results. Liquid nitrogen may be used for local freezing, called cryosurgery. In combination with curettage or electrocautery, a cure rate of more than 95% may be expected.
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type, developing
also from the surface layer of the skin, but having more propensity to metastasize. Most of these lesions are painless. They show up with firm, red plaques, displaying visible scales on the surface. They may arise from pre- existing solar keratoses, premalignant lesions developing from repeated
sunburn. Treatment is similar to that of basal cell lesions described above, namely removal.
Malignant melanoma is the most deadly type of skin cancer. They also
are related to excessive sunburn and exposure. Pigmented moles are among the most common growths on the skin of humans. Some of these ultimately may change in their color, size, or hair pattern, which is often an early sign of their malignancy. Irregularities in surface pattern and varying colors are characteristic of the melanoma. Shades of red, white, or blue (no patriotism here) and other mixtures of brown and black, may indicate the development of this cancer.
Melanomas should always be removed with wide excision, since their propensity to spread to other organs, such as the liver, eye, and other areas of the skin is great. Therapy utilizing the immune mechanism (immunotherapy) has been used widely in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Although still experimental these approaches offer an exciting alternative with less cost in toxicity to the individual. BCG vaccine, used for years to prevent
tuberculosis, has found its place in the treatment of these melanomas with encouraging results in many cases.
The PREVENTION of MALIGNANCY
Based upon the evidence currently available, it is my conviction that a rational plan can be designed to prevent most types of cancer. Summed up in one word, moderation, the preventive approach involves several factors:
Your diet should be simple, utilizing natural foods as much as possible. Adequate amounts of fruit, fresh vegetables, and whole grain cereals should be included together with some nuts and natural sources of dietary fats, such as olives, avocados, and a most sparing use of vegetable oil. Any excess of oil, sugar, salt, or any single food, especially refined ones, in the diet should be shunned.
The low-fat vegetarian diet has been associated clearly with an increased resistance to many types of cancer. When individuals abstain from milk and eggs, as well as meat, the cancer risk becomes even lower. Naturally these total vegetarians must have a considerable knowledge of nutrition in order to maintain balanced nutrition, and provide optimum vitamin and mineral intake to maintain excellent health. Thousands of discriminating consumers,
however, are rapidly adopting a vegetarian lifestyle as fast as they are able to learn how to select and prepare the foods. In this change is found the key to preventing not only many cancers, but also atherosclerosis and numerous other diseases.
Reasonable amounts of exercise should be obtained daily for a lifestyle that is low in occupational stress, while satisfying and productive. A moderate
smoke, and even avoid settings where the involuntary inhalation of stale secondhand smoke is required, will reduce their risk of lung cancer dramatically. Even ex-smokers who quit before a cancer develops, have a much lower rate than the devotee who continues to use cigarettes. Although pipes and cigars may produce less lung cancer, they’re stronger forms of tobacco still show malignant potential in cancer of the lip, tongue, throat, and larynx far too often.
Chronic use of alcohol increases the risk of cancer in the breast and liver, as well as seriously irritating the stomach and several other organs. Exposure to drugs of all kinds, including sex hormones, antibiotics, anticancer agents, and coal tar preparations can increase the incidence of malignancies in many organs. True temperance requires us to dispense entirely with all things hurtful, and use in moderation those things healthful. This principle of moderation can help to prevent many cancers.
Routine physical examinations and periodic self-examination of the breasts and skin, with careful observation for the symptoms of cancer described above can detect abnormal lesions in the earliest possible stage, when surgical removal is a possibility. A regular annual physical should usually include the annual Pap smear, a biennial sigmoidoscopic examination, together with the appropriate laboratory testing for additional aid in early diagnosis. On the other hand, it may just give satisfying reassurance concerning one’s state of health.
Early detection of breast cancer is best accomplished with a screening mammogram combined with periodic examinations.
Rational treatment of cancer falls into several areas. Whenever possible the malignancy should be removed. Some natural “healers” have spread the erroneous message that surgery spreads cancer. This is only true if the disease is widespread and unresectable with any treatment. Early surgery in breast cancer can be curative in about three-fourths of patients. The treatment of colon cancer by surgery is well accepted to be not only curative in many, but also helpful in avoiding obstruction of the bowel or profound chronic loss of blood that can complicate these cases.
The diet for any cancer victim should be such that will maintain health and function of all body organs, particularly those systems of elimination. Eating a high fiber, low fat diet as described above is extremely helpful. But extremes should be avoided, such as prolonged fasts, the use of a single fruit juice, or a total reliance on certain vitamin preparations thought to be
curative.
Certain types of hydrotherapy include the judicious use of cleansing enemas, fever therapy, or local heating of the tumor may prove therapeutic, particularly in those tumors of viral origin. Cytotoxic drugs should be avoided. Their complications and numerous high-risk symptoms, usually make the side-effects worse than the “cure.” Radiation therapy, in general, should be reserved only for those cases where metastasis has produced
these “simple remedies” could in time bring populations, as well as
individuals, into a state of health promised by the One who offered “none of