La moral y los valores vistos por los niños y adolescentes

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adopted in accomplishing the research A statement of findings, and recommendations in non-technical language. If the findings are extensive, they should be summarized.

iii. At the end of the report, bibliography, i.e., list of books, journals, reports, etc., consulted, should be given; appendices should be enlisted in respect of all technical data.

In the subsequent units each process will be discussed in much detail.

SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

List the different steps involved in carrying out research.

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needs to be addressed? What controversy leads to a need for this study? What were the concerns being addressed prior to this study? The following steps are to be followed in identifying a research problem:

a. Determining the field of research in which the research is to be conducted.

b. Develop the mastery on the area.

c. Review previous researches conducted in the area to know the recent trend and studies conducted in the area, this will aid in identifying the problem.

d. Draw an analogy and insight in identifying a problem or employ personal experience of the field in locating the problem or seek for assistance from an expert in the field.

e. Pin point specific aspect of the problem which is to be investigated.

3.4.1 The Sources of Research Problem:

a. The classroom, school, home, community and other agencies of education are obvious sources.

b. Social developments and technological changes are constantly bringing forth new problems and opportunities for research.

c. Record of previous research, such specialized sources as the encyclopedias of educational, research abstracts, research bulletins, research reports, journals of researches, dissertations and many similar publications are rich sources of research problems.

d. Text book assignments, special assignments, reports and term papers will suggest additional areas of needed research.

e. Discussions-Classroom discussions, seminars and exchange of ideas with faculty members and fellow scholars and students will suggest many stimulating problems to be solved, close Professional relationships, academic discussions and constructive academic climate are especially advantageous opportunities.

f. Questioning attitude: A questioning attitude towards prevailing practices and research oriented academic experience will effectively promote problem awareness.

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g. The most practical source of problem is to consult supervisor, experts of the field and most experienced persons of the field. They may suggest most significant problems of the area.

3.4.2 Steps in formulating a research problem

The formulation of a research problem is the most crucial part of the research as the quality and relevance of the research entirely depends upon it. After the identification of research problem, the next step is to formulate research problem. Every step that constitutes the how part of the research excursion depends upon the way the researcher formulates his/her research problem. The process of formulating a research problem consists of a number of steps as follows:

a. Identify a broad field or subject area of interest: A research should think of a research area that he/she is interested in. If a researcher is not interested in a research area, he/she will not be keen on the research. Also finding an interested area will help him/her to have the zeal to conduct the research effectively.in an interesting topic, for example, if you are an economic researcher you might be interested in researching consumer behavior, energy pricing etc. As far as the research journey goes, these are the broad research areas. It is imperative that he/she identifies one of interest before undertaking the research excursion.

b. Divide the broad area into subareas: At the beginning, the researcher will realize that the broad areas mentioned (consumer behaviour and energy pricing) have many aspects. For example, there are many aspects and issues in the area of energy, such as oil, gas, wind, hydro, thermal. Make a list of these areas. In preparing this list of subareas there is the need to consult others who have some knowledge in the area and review literature in the subject area.

c. The researcher should select what is of most interest him/her: The researcher should select subarea which is most suitable and adoring to him/her. This is because the researchers’ interest should be the most important determinant for selection, even though there are other considerations. One way to decide what interests the

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researcher most is to start with the process of elimination. Go through the list and delete all those subareas in which he/she is not very interested in.

d. Raise research question:. At this step the researcher should ask his/her self, ‘What is it that I want to find out about in this subarea?’ He/she should make a list of whatever questions come to his/her mind involving the chosen subarea and if he/she thinks they are too many to be handled, chose the ones that are more important and discard the rest.

e. Formulate objectives:Both the main objectives and sub objectives should be formulated, the objectives should be drawn from the research questions: The main difference between objectives and research questions is the way in which they are written. Research questions are obviously those – questions. Objectives transform these questions into behavioural aims by using action oriented words such as ‘to find out’, ‘to determine’, ‘to ascertain’ and ‘to examine’ ‘to analyse’.

f. Assess objectives: The researcher should examine the objectives to find out the feasibility of achieving them through the research process. Consider them in the light of the time, resources (financial and human) and technical expertise at disposal.

g. Double-check: The researcher should go back and give final consideration to whether or not he/she is sufficiently interested in the study, and have adequate resources to undertake it.

SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

1. List the steps involved in identifying a research problem.

2. List and explain the steps involved in formulating a research problem.

3. List at least 5 sources of identifying research problem.

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3.5 Developing Research questions and hypotheses