Muestra P1

African Independence After World War II

1.How did nationalists after 1945 differ from earlier African leaders?

2.How did South Africa’s experience of colonialism and independence differ from that of other nations of Africa?

SECTION 2 (pp. 886–890)

Africa Since Independence

3.How does Ghana represent the post-independence experience of most African countries?

4.How did ethnic diversity contribute to political instability in independent African nations?

SECTION 3 (pp. 891–897)

Nationalism in the Middle East and North Africa

5.How did the rise of Arab nationalism affect France’s and Britain’s positions in North Africa and the Middle East?

6.What major issues confronted Turkey and Iran after World War II?

SECTION 4 (pp. 898–905)

War, Revolution, and Oil in the Middle East and North Africa

7. What were the causes of Arab-Israeli disputes?

8.Why is the Middle East still a source of major concern?

Reviewing Themes

1. Government How did the way the people of the Belgian Congo achieved their independence affect their nation?

2. Culture In which countries have the presence of different cultures contributed to unrest and civil wars?

3. Economics How have the rich oil fields of the Middle East and North Africa affected the lives of people there?

Thinking Critically

1. Comparing and Contrasting Compare and contrast the way colonial rule ended in British, French, and Bel- gian colonies after World War II.

2. Summarizing What factors have troubled the Middle East and North Africa?

3. Sequencing Trace the events leading to the rise and fall of apartheid in South Africa.

4. Identifying Cause and Effect What were the causes and results of the Arab-Israeli war of 1948–1949?

Supporting Points of View Many problems that still exist in Africa and the Middle East stem from differences in cul- tures. The civil wars in Kenya and Nigeria, apartheid in South Africa, the Arab-Israeli disputes, and the rise of Islamic fun- damentalism all have a basis in cultural and religious differ- ences. Select one of these issues. Write a dialogue between two persons on opposite sides in which they try to explain and resolve their differences. Use the following chart to organize your thoughts before you begin writing.

Writing About History

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What the culture on one side of the dispute believes What the culture on the other side of the dispute believes Previous results of attempts to reach an agreement Action to be taken

Using Art to Understand History

Study the painting below. Then answer the questions that follow.

1.Which statement best describes what you can conclude from the painting about contemporary daily life in South Africa?

a. Most South Africans live in one-room houses.

b. In South Africa, women live separately from men.

c. Everyone in South Africa is very poor.

d. Some South African women are very poor and struggle to care for their children.

2.Why do you think the artist chose the subject he did for his painting? Give specific reasons to support your point of view.

Analyzing Primary Sources

Read the following quote. Then answer the questions. “In a large desert tent in war-torn Ajeip, Sudan, doctors and nurses . . . hover over starving Sudanese children, administering high-calorie biscuits and sugar water in an effort to revive them. . . . Half a world away, patients arrive at the cardiac ward of Mt. Sinai hospital in Manhattan, many complaining of chest pains. Doctors and nurses prepare some for open- heart surgery, . . . In contrast to the Sudanese children, many of whom will not pull through, most of the New Yorkers will survive.”

3.Which of the following statements best describes the issue introduced in the excerpt?

a. People are dying from not enough food and from too much food, and both situations are preventable.

b. Children in the Sudan are dying of starvation, while people in New York are surviving heart disease.

c. The money spent on heart surgery in New York could be used to feed the children in the Sudan.

d. Doctors and nurses in both the Sudan and New York should have more recognition for saving lives.

4.Do you think the issue presented in the quote is an important one? Give specific reasons for your viewpoint.

Alternative Assessment

Building Your Portfolio

Economics

America’s dependence on foreign oil makes this country vulnerable to disputes in

oil-producing countries. Some possible solutions are developing more of the oil resources on U.S. land and using energy sources that do not require oil. Use the Internet and other sources to find out the pros and cons of each solution. Make a chart that displays your results.

Internet Activity: go.hrw.com

Choose a topic on Africa and the Middle East Since 1945 to: • write a biography of Desmond Tutu which highlights

his influence on events in South Africa during the 1900s.

• create a time line sequencing the major events of apartheid in South Africa.

• learn about recent developments in the Israeli- Palestinian peace process.

South African Family at Home, by Franklin McMahon 907

1945–Present