LOS MUSEOS INTERACTNOS COMO APOYO A LA EDUCACIÓN ESCOLAR

PART II:POST-INTERVENTION ASSESSMENT

Q17b. What are the causes of blood in urine?

 Bilharziasis (bes vagni’)

 Maturity (adulthood)

 Menstruation (menses)

 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

 Others (Specify)---

SECTION C: POST-INTERVENTION ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES Q18b. Have you ever passed urine with blood?

Yes No

Q19b. If answer to question 18 is yes when last did you pass urine with blood?

 Yesterday

 Last week

 2 weeks ago

 2-4 weeks

 More than 4 weeks ago

 Others………

Q20b. Did you seek for health care for the blood in urine?

Yes No

Q21b. If answer to above question is yes, where did you seek health care?

 Hospital

 Chemist

 Parents/guardian gave drug

 Herbalist

 Others (Specify)--- Q22b. After treatment, was the blood in urine cured?

Yes No

Q23b. If yes, did the blood in urine reoccur?

Yes No

Q24b. If answer to question 21 is No, why didn’t you seek for health Care?

* Not aware there’s cure

 Don’t have money

 Because it is normal

 Others………..

Q25b.Have you ever experienced pain on passing urine?

Yes No Cannot remember

Q26b. If answer to question 25 is YES, did you seek medical care for the pain passing urine?

Yes No

Q27b. If the answer to above is yes where did you seek medical care?

 Hospital

 Chemist

 Parent / Guardian gave drug

 Herbalist

 Others (Specify)

Q28b. After receiving treatment, was the pain on passing urine cured?

Yes No

Q29b. If the answer to Question 28 is No; why didn’t you seek Medical care?

 Lack of Money

 Thought it’s normal

 Don’t know where to seek care

 Others (specify)--- Q30b. Where is your source of drinking water?

 Stream

 Well

 Tap water

 Others (Specify) --- Q31b. Do you go to the stream/river?

Yes No

Q32b. If answer to question 31 is yes to do what?

 Bath

 Swim

 Fetch water

 Wash clothes

 Fishing

 Others (Specify)---

Q33b. What is your source of bathing / Washing water?

 Stream

 Well

 Tap

 Others (Specify)--- Q34b. Where do you usually take your bath?

 Stream /river

 At home (Well water)

 Others (Specify)…………..

Q35b. Where do you usually wash your cloths?

 Streams/river

 At home (well at home)

 At the well (outside the house)

 Others (specify). --- Q36b. How often do you walk bare-footed?

 Never

 Sometimes

 Always

Q37b. Why do you walk bare-footed?

 Do not have a shoe

 Feel more convenient walking bare-footed

 No reason

Q38b. Are you willing to stop walking bare-footed?

 Yes

 No

Q39b. Where do you pass urine at home?

 Pit latrine

 Bush

 Bucket latrine

 Water closet

 Others (Specify)--- Q40b. Where do you pass urine in school?

 Don’t go to school

 Bush

 Pit latrine

 Others (Specify) ---

POST-INTERVENTION LABORATORY RESULTS:

1. Haematuria:

Macroscopic Microscopic

2. Eggs of Schistosoma haematobium:

 Detected

 Not detected

APPENDIX III

ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF HEALTH

EDUCATION LECTURE ON A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DRUG TREATMENT ON THE PREVALENCE OF URINGATRY SCHITOSOMIASIS AMONGST 5-19 YEAR OLDS IN MARTIN VILLAGE TAFAWA BALEWA LGA

BAUCHI STATE:

AGENDA

1. Opening Prayer

2. Introduction of dignitaries / Lecturer 3. Introduction (Summary) of Research work

4. Health Education Lecture – DR. M. J. ABUBAKAR 5. Demonstration using posters and charts

6. Questions and answer session.

7. Closing remarks 8. Vote of thanks.

HEALTH EDUCATION LECTURES URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS.

(ENGLISH TRANSLATION)

The children and people of Martin Village, we greet you all with the hope that we meet you in good health condition as ourselves.

As you are aware, we are staff of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) Jos.

JUTH has a Comprehensive Health Centre (CHC) at Gindiri, Mangu L.G.A., Plateau State (a border town to this village). It is due to the high number of patients we see at CHC Gindiri suffering from urinary schistosomiasis that come from this village. A lot of them lack the correct knowledge about the disease. They don’t know how the disease is contracted, the clinical features of the disease or where/how to seek treatment. Infact some of them do not even consider schistosomiasis (Urinary) as a disease. Certainly, this should disturb any normal thinking human being.

Some weeks back, we collected your urine and administered questionnaires to you concerning knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to transmission of urinary schistosomiasis. We promised to communicate to you the result of the analysis of the urine samples and questionnaire.

We shall now teach you how the disease is contracted, how to recognize person infected, where and how to get treated from the disease and ways of preventing the infection. This shall be followed by a question and answer session to clear your doubts.

Drugs (praziquantel) shall be given to you free of charge. We shall insist on taking the drugs under our observation. This is to ensure that those we recorded to have taken the drug have really consumed the drug.

After about Twelve (12) weeks interval we shall return to collect your urine samples again (from the same individuals) and also administer same questionnaires as the previous one to the same individuals to check for any difference (decrease or increase) in knowledge after the intervention, change in attitudes / behaviour about the transmission of the disease.

Ladies and Gentlemen you can now listen attentively to what we have;

HEALTH EDUCATION LECTURE Introduction:

The disease Urinary schistosomiasis is cause by some small organisms called Schistosoma haematobium. These organisms are contracted through contact of an individual with infected stream/river.

The eggs of Schistosoma haematobium are passed from the body in urine (occasionally faeces). Miracidium escapes from the eggs in fresh water and enter the intermediate host (Bulinus snails). Inside the snails, the miracidium develops to sporocyst and eventually to infective cercariae. The cercariae escape from the snail and penetrate the skin of man in contact with the fresh water. From the skin the cercariae the veins and reaches the venus plexuses of the Urinary bladder and the cycle repeats itself.

Man eggs

Cercariae Miracidium

Figure 1 : Life Cycle of Schistosoma haematobium.

WAYS OF CONTRACTING THE DISEASE

1. Bathing swimming in an infected stream / river.

2. Washing clothes/ utensils in an infected stream/river 3. Farming in marshy areas.

4. Fetching water from infected stream 5. Fishing in infected stream/river 6. Crossing infected stream/river

CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE DISEASE

1. Haematuria could be either macroscopic or microscopic. This is differentiated from other causes of haematuria such as cancers urethral stricture; menstrual blood mixed with urine, urinary bladder cancers etc from the fact that, in cases of urinary schistosomiasis, the haematuria is usually PAINLESS and TERMINAL.

(Comes towards the end of passing urine).

2. Lower abdominal pain 3. Weakness of the body

4. Laboratory investigation enable viewing the eggs in urine – Pathomnemonic terminal spine of the ova is used in diagnosis

5. Immunological test are also available

TREATMENT:

There are orthodox drugs available for the treatment and these include:

1. Praziquantel used for treatment of all forms the disease.

2. Metrifonate effective basically against urinary schistosomiasis.

3. Oxamniquine effective against intestinal form of the disease.

METHODS OF TREATMENT;

Praziquantel is given as stated dose i.e taken the whole dose at once only. The dosage is measured per kilogram body weight or per height of the individual (using

‘Tablet pole’) praziquantel is known to have only minimal transient side effects. No nausea/vomiting or diarrhoea is associated with the drug. Praziquantel is affective against all forms of schistosomiasis

CAUTION FOLLOWING INGESTION OF THE DRUG:

1. It’s not immediately after taking the drug that the symptoms of the disease disappear. It takes some time for the drug to cure the disease and the symptoms to disappear. Thus if any of you notice any of the symptoms of the disease that he has had before few days after taking the drug, he/she should not think the drug has failed to work.

2. Continuous contact with the source of infection could lead to reinfection. This means that after taking the drug one is not expected to continue with activities that pre dispose him or her to the infection, otherwise reinfection could occur.

3. Reinfection could also be treated with the same dosage of drugs, and cure shall be achieved again.

CONTROL OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS 1. Elimination of reserviour – chemotherapy

2. Avoidance of pollution of surface water 3. Elimination of vector i.e water snail

In document La divulgación de la ciencia como apoyo a la educación escolar (página 60-92)