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Entering 1980s, Chao Foon Monthly was more concerned about the performance of literary critic. The modernist group has published five anthologies of poetry and has achieved encouraging objectives. However, from the point of Chao Foon Monthly editor, the performance of local literary criticism was not satisfactory.

As commonly noted, from September 1969 to 1979, Mahua Modernist Poetry, literary criticism, translation grew at the same pace, however from 1980 onwards, there was a shortage of literary criticism. In the Editor‘s note of February 1980, the editor wrote:

As has been mentioned several times, Chao Foon Monthly lacks objective and sincere literary criticism, we hope to receive criticism with no nonsense, no emotion, and practical criticism, which will make readers respect literary creation. But this kind of articles is difficult to find. Formerly we had Wan

Yanji, Lai Ruihe and Chen Ruixian, but now there seems to be no successors (Editor, 1988, p.1).

Actually, the editor was not worrying unnecessarily, because the absence of Wan Yanji and Lai Ruihe due to their return to Singapore brought about the absence of two literary critics. As for Lai Ruihe, although he is local, he seldom wrote criticism in the 1980s.

These are the two major reasons causing the deficiency of literary criticism in Mahua literary arena. This worry continues, until Wang Zu‘an (王祖安) took up the post of editor. He emphasized the lack of literary criticism in Mahua literary arena and pointed out that, in Mahua literary arena, the lack of literary criticism had long been a reality. The deficiency of literary criticism to a literary arena is not a healthy condition.

The worry of Chao Foon Monthly editor started in early 1980, and until 1988, the worry continued. Does this problem reveal the fact that local writers are not interested in writing literary criticism? Or there are other reasons?

The editor of Chao Foon Monthly made a comment on the phenomenon mentioned above. He stated: ―With regards to the shortage of literary criticism, there are three reasons to be discussed. (i)There are few literary critics who are academically trained, (ii) There is a different conception towards literary criticism between readers and writers and (iii) The reading population was small‖ (Editor, 1988, p.1). The three reasons stated were focusing on the crux of the issue, especially the first reason because in the 1990s, the number of writers and literary critics graduated from local and foreign universities was increasing, and the standard of literary criticism was improving in a

first reason has been solved, with the emergence of literary criticism in high standard, it will help to minimize the gap between readers and writers. As for the third reason, it is less convincing if compared to the first and second reasons.

Perhaps, due to this reason, Chao Foon Monthly continued to publish literary criticism written by Taiwan writers to support local literary criticism. These articles include (i) ―Shi yu Sanwen‖ (<诗与散文>, ―Poem and Prose‖) by Yu Guangzhong, (ii)

―Wenzi Qingtong yu Fengge Duozi‖(<文字清通与风格多姿>, ―Clear Language and

Various Stylistics‖), (iii) ―Wenxue de Si Da Jiqiao‖(<文学的四大技巧>, ―The Four

Literary Techniques‖) by Huang Weiliang (黄维梁), (iv) ―Lin Leng de Shi‖(<林泠的

诗>, ―Poems of Lin Leng‖), (v) ―Sanwen de Xinshang yu Chuangzuo‖ (<散文的欣赏

与创作>,―The Appreciation and Writing of Prose‖) by Yang Mu(杨牧), (vi) ―Qing Ti

Wenyi Songsong Bang‖ (<请替文艺松松绑>, ―Please Untie Literature‖) by Wan

Yanji(完颜籍), (vii) ―Shi de Zijue‖ (<诗的自觉>, ―The Awareness of Poem‖) by Yang

Lian(杨炼), (viii) ―Shi Hua Yangmu‖ (<诗话杨牧>, ―On Yangmu‖) by Xun Qing(迅

清), (ix) ―Nvxing de Chuantong‖ (<女性的传统>, ―The Tradition of Female‖) by Yang

Mai(杨迈), (x) ―Jing li Jing wai----Tan ShangWanyun de Hudie Jie‖ (<镜里镜外——

谈商晚筠的《蝴蝶结》>, ―Inside and Outside of the Mirror---On Shang Wanyun‘s

Bowknot‖) by Cao Shujuan(曹淑娟), (xi) ―Fei Hua Xin Wenxue‖ (<菲华新文学>,

―Philippines Chinese New Literature‖) by Shi Yingzhou( 施 颖 洲 ), (xii) ―Dangdai

Xiaoshuo de Jige Chaoliu‖ (<当代小说的几个潮流>, ―The Trends of Contemporary

Novels‖) by Ma Shen(马森), (xiii) ―Shizhe ru si hu?‖ (<逝者如斯夫？> ―Lost

Time‖) by Yang Fu (杨逋), (xiv) ―Xiaoshuo de Xushi Guandian‖ (<小说的叙事观点>,

―Narrative Point of View‖), (xv) ―Xugou and Xushi‖ (<虚构与叙事>, ―Imagination

and Narration‖), (xvi) ―Cong Xiandaizhuyi dao Hou Xiandaizhuyi‖ (<从现代主义到后

现代主义>, ―From Modernism to Post Modernism‖) by Cai Yuanhuang(蔡源煌),

(xvii)―You Rong Nai Da:Xie zai Shijie Zhongwen Xiaoshuo Xuan zhiqian‖ (<有容乃

大：写在《世界中文小说选》之前>, ―Tolerance is a Virtue: Preface to Collection

World Chinese Novels‖), (xviii)―Pingxin Jingqi Du Jin Yong‖ (<平心静气读金庸>,

―Keep Calm when Reading Jin Yong‖) by Liu Shaoming(刘绍铭) and (xix) ―Xianjie de Gang： Lun xiandaishi Gudian Sucai de Yunyong‖ (<衔接的钢——论现代诗中古典素

材的运用>, ―The Linking Steel: On the Use of Classical Materials‖) by Zheng Mingli(

郑明俐).

There are altogether 19 articles of literary criticism by foreign writers. These articles were published in Chao Foon Monthly from 1980 to 1989, in 10 years and 120 issues. At an average there was less than one article in each issue. In other words, this kind of articles was not the primary literary pieces to be published in Chao Foon Monthly. It is just a reference for local writers. One of the main objectives of Chao

Foon Monthly in the 1980s was to continue publishing a large number of literary criticisms.

In 1980s, literary critics who were active in the 1970s continued to publish articles. The number of articles published was obviously lesser. However, a group of young literary critics emerged in 1980s. Zhang Ruixing (张瑞星), Zhang Guangda (张 光 达 ) and Xie Chuancheng ( 谢 川 成 ) were among the most active ones. They published literary criticism not only on modernist literature, but also western literature and classical literature.

The literary criticisms published in Chao Foon Monthly in 1980s are listed in the table below.

Table 2.23: The Number of Literary Criticism Published from 1980 to 1989

Year No. of Literary Criticism

1980 17

1981 17

1982 17

1983 05

1984 10

1985 13

1986 21

1987 26

1988 29

1989 31

186

The total number of literary criticism published in 1980s is 186. After subtracting 19 articles by foreign writers, literary criticism contributed by local writers is far more than that by foreign writers. The total number is 167 and the percentage is 89.78. Obviously, Chao Foon Monthly has succeeded in publishing literary criticism by local writers.

Most of the top ten critics who had contributed articles from 1980 to 1989 were young. Those who were active in the 1970s did not involve themselves actively in writing literary criticism. Below is the list of top ten contributors of literary criticism in the 1980s.

Table 2.24: Mahua Top Ten Contributors of Literary Criticism in the 1980s No. Name of Young Critics Number of Published Articles

1 Xie Chuancheng(谢川成) 14

2 Zhang Jinzhong/Zhang

Ruixing(张锦忠/张瑞星)

9

3 Li Youcheng(李有成) 8

4 Zhang Guangda(张光达) 8

5 Lin Jieluo(林杰洛) 5

6 Mai Ke(迈克) 5

7 Lin Tianxing(林添星) 4

8 Lan Qiyuan(蓝启元) 2

9 Lin Ruoyin(林若隐) 2

10 Fang Ang(方昂) 2

As listed in the table, Xie Chuancheng, Zhang Jinzhong, and Zhang Guangda are young critics who are at the top three. Li Youcheng contributed the same number

quite active in the 1970s. The other six critics are also young critics. From this statistics, it is clear that young critics has also made a vast contribution to the literary criticism in the 1980s.

From the total number of articles published, it shows that the performance of literary criticism is not satisfactory. With 186 articles in ten years, the average was 18.6 in a year, and less than 2 in an issue. Wen Renping and Lai Ruihe who were active in the 1970s, did not contribute much in the 1980s. Only Chen Huihua had published five articles, although not as good as expected, he was still better than the other senior writers. In short, the results attained at the end of 1980s in literary criticism were the joint effort of Chao Foon Monthly, the hard work of young critics and the support from the senior writers.