CAPÍTULO III. RESULTADOS ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN
3.3. Desempeño profesional en el ámbito de la gestión
3.3.2. Ejecución del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje
3.3.2.5. Nivel de importancia del ámbito de la gestión del aprendizaje desde la
lacked the language to articulate their differences and also were denied the opportunity to disagree with other privileged members of the society" (p.2).
The manifestation of these violent -reactions is evident according to Uche (2008) in the ''blood bath in Kano, Kaduna, Kastina, Gombe, Zaria etc." Christian Association of Nigeria (1987) gave sordid story of the burning of one hundred and thirteen (113) churches by Muslim rioters within 20 hours of March 1987. Similarly, a breakdown of figures or a rundown in lives and property destroyed during the violent conflict point to moral decay, Ilori (1987) opines that the first and largest religious riot in Nigeria claimed four thousand, one hundred and seventy seven (4,177) lives in Kano state in 1987. The sum of eight (8) million naira was paid as compensation. In "The Trial of Blood", the breakdown of figures shows that in Bulumkutu near Maidugiri 400 people were killed in April, 1985. Six thousand arrest of fanatics were made. Akinrinade (1991) gives insight into the death figures. Seven hundred and sixty-four (764) deaths were not part of the police andhundred and sixty-four (764) deaths were not part of the police and mortuary figures of 350 and 500 respectively. It is significant to note that the above tale of woe which the recent Boko Haram terrorist activities made unending has moral undertone. These rising wave of deaths, destruction of private and public property, arrests, molestations and prolonged detention of Chibok school girls have adverse moral effects on the socio-religious development of Nigeria.
mal aise i s ver y important. This i s becaus e i n m odem tim es as e m phasized b y t he docum ents of Vati can 11, especiall y Gaudiumet Spi es, where it stat es that the rol e of the church shoul d no longer be l imi ted to merel y meeting m an‟s s pi rit ual quest. Corrobora ting the above st at ement Avoseh (1993:25) posit ed that i n additi on t o m eeting m an‟s spi ritual quest, the church s houl d become involved i n all activiti es t hat are geared towards preserving man‟s humanity.These national malaise which constitute a cog in the wheel of our nati onal progress and rebi rth are dis cuss ed under t he foll owi ng s ub -headi ngs:
i. Soci al m al ais e, ii. Economic malaise, iii. Moral mal ais e, vi.
PoliticalP redi cament , v. Poor Educational funding and Legal m al ais e,
4.1.1.1 Social Malaise
Referring to a recent programme in Brit ain aimed at raising Nigeria‟s image abroad, Oyetayo (2005) remarked that it will take more than cultural exhibition to beef up the country‟s social image. According to him, wit h the countr y sti ll churning out cri minals b y the minut e, more efforts need t o be put at hom e i n t erms of educati on, orient ati on and reshaping of the poli t y before we s tart t o polis h our image out side.
Continuing, he cit ed the additi onal succinctl y and the derogator y rem arks ordinar y and prom inent Ni geri ans recei ve whil e trav elli ng abroad as an evidence that all i s not well wit h Ni geri a' soci all y. Comment ing on the s oci al li ves of Ni geri ans since the end of the civil war, Akpoi gbe (1997) st at ed that it had been one pl agued with crisis. According to him, Ni geri ans are too m uch i n a hurr y to becom e ri ch, a situat ion that has
fost ered s everal s oci al vi ces among the citiz enr y, s uch as armed robber y, culti sm, em bezzl em ent of publi c funds, briber y and corruption, drug addicti on, gambl ing, cheating i n examinations and cert ifi cat e rack et eeri ng.
Contribut ing on the above malaise, Diya (2015) st at ed that abs e nce of moral rectit ude am ongNi geria citiz enry has given room for unusual increase in prosti tution, arm ed robber y and advance fee fraud popularly called 419. From t he foregoi ng, it i s obs erved that the vari ous manifestations of Nigeria‟s social malaiseaccording to A. Ofochie, (personal comm uni cation, J une 5, 20 18) is predi cated on the l ack of underl yi ng int ernali sed norms and val ue s ys t em as wel l as the dist orted nat ure of Ni ger ia‟s soci al cont rol inst rument s such as the famil y, s chool, medi a and governm ent.
4.1.1.2 Economic Challenges
Accordi ng t o Sabo (1992), the cris es i n Ni geri a have numerous angles and dimensi ons t hat ar e int errelat ed. He argues t hat “there i s a dial ecti ca l correlation between on the one hand, the bi ting economi c cri sis and accom pan yi ng politi cal repression, and on the other hand, the mounti ng wave of reli gious intol erance and revolt s in Ni geri a.
Writing on the overview of development challenges in Nigeria Ajayi (2002) stated that Nigerian economy is a devastated one and its rebirth has been the major priority of the present democratic government since May, 1999. Complimenting this view, D.
Nwokolo (personal communication, August 7, 2018) described the economy' as one that is heavily dependent on the oil sector. Quoting Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Report of 2000, he remarked that whereas oil export accounted for 58.3 percent total foreign earning
in 1970, it rose to 95.4 percent in 1998. During the same period, the income from non-oil sector fell from 41.7 to 4.6 percent during the same period. Thus he noted that this trend where Nigeria‟s economy operates under a high degree of external dependence renders it highly vulnerable to external shocks.
Analysing the state of the Nigerian economy since independence in 1960, Ajayi (2002) posited that it has been battered by 30 years of military misrule, an era which was characterized with institutionalization of corruption. This economic challenge he reports did not only result in total collapse of most of the social infrastructure and that of the productive sector, but it has in turn led to rise in massive unemployment.
This economic challenge he reports did not only result in total collapse of most of the social infrastructure and that of the productive sector, according to J. Eke (personal communication, June 7, 2018)it has in turn led to rise in unemployment, under-employment and growth in poverty levels. Confirming the above information the Federal Office of Statistics in their 1999 Annual Reports states that more than 70 million Nigerians are living below poverty line as against 67 million people by 1996.In his contribution Elohe (2000) pointed that policy reversal combined with the political instability in Nigeria led to deplorable economic situation, a development which in the words of Ele Sunday (Personal communication, 20-7-18) made poverty situation to worsen. For according to him the number of Nigerians in the poverty range rose from 39.2 million in 1992 to 67.1 million in 1996.Continuing he posited that:
Due to the policy errors of the past the Nigerian economy after about four decades of political statehood and economic management suffered from fundamental structural defect and remained in a persistent state of dis-equilibrium. The productive and technological base was weak, outdated, narrow, inflexible and externally dependents. (p.4).
From the information above there is no doubt that economically all is not well with
Nigeria. According to L. Eze(personal communication, May 2, 2018)one of the reasons being the widening gap between the strategic and the operational level of economic decision-making process. Economic policies are tailored to serve the selfish interest of the political class thereby grinding all other economic interests in the polity to a standstill.
4.1.1.3 Moral Decadence
The need to help Nigerians cope with the rising trend of their loss of grip with moral values and standards made Magaji (2004) to say that:
Over the years certain negative behaviorpatterns have emerged, the most prominent being gang violence popularly known as cultism. This is a national epidemic that has impacted schools of all sizes. It carries along with it drug abuse, alcoholism, sexual malpractice/harassment, bloodshed etc. (p.9).
Continuing, he stated that there is an urgent need to help Nigerians to develop standards of personal behaviour that would help them to contribute positively to the growth of the nation. K. Okoli (personal communication, June 1, 2018) states that Nigeria cannot grow without ethical re-orientation.
Furthermore, he noted that the lack of moral fiber on the general society which has tended to favour materialistic acquisition tendency has greatly undermined the younger generation‟s interest in acquiring sound moral character. Rather, they focus all their efforts on how to make it quick economically. This attitude he posited is the root cause of growth of prostitution, armed robbery, buying of certificates and degrees with money etc.
The situation according to the Charles (personal communication, June 3, 2018) was similar to what Israel once found herself as recorded in the book of judges best describes the level of moral decay in Nigeria today. “In those days, there was no king in Israel but every man did that which was right in his own eyes” (Judges 17:6).
Corroborating the above claim Life Magazine of July 2004 pointed that the condition in today‟s Nigeria “tends towards permissiveness. People want to cat what they want to eat even in the face of known hazards, dress the way they want, though they know their action insults sensibilities of our once cherished societal values”.
Besides the report by Omoniyi (2006) that statistics from National Action Committee on AIDS, (NACA)show that about 4 million Nigeria is living with dreaded HIV/AIDS disease is not a good indicator for the nation morally, “this is because it is usually believed that the disease is mostly contacted through unguarded sexual habit.
The implication of the above submissions is that the nation is sick morally and need to address this critical challenge before things get out of hand.
4.1.1.4 Political Predicament
Quoti ng t he Transparenc y Int ernatio nal Amokeodo (2005 ) st at ed t hat Ni geri an governm ent has been ranked as t he t hird in t he ladder of t he most corrupt nation in the world. This corrupti on according to O yo vbairc (1997 ) cuts across virt uall y all units and functionar y of government . It i s a corrupti on, whi ch m ani fests itsel f in m assive graft and extortion b y the executive arm of governm ent.
Accordi ng t o Ts a (2005 ) the recent ruli ng b y the Court of Appeal nulli f ying the result s of 2003 presidenti al el ection in Ogun St at e and s om e local government areas in the count r y on the ground of gross i rregul a rit ies is a proof that all i s not well with the pol itical l eadershi p' of t his nati on.
The above ruli ng was sequel t o the suit fil ed agains t P resident Obasanjo b y General Muham aduBuhari on t he ground that the Obasunj o used his part y m em bers as R esi denti al Elect oral C ommiss ioners (R EC)
incl uding arm ed mil itar y pers onnel and the police to ri g el ection in hi s favor. Comm enti ng on t he above Court , of App eal‟s ruli ng Bami gbet an (2005 ) stat ed that what it m eans is that Mr. Presi dent and his part y t he PDP (P eoples Dem ocratic Part y) obt ained the m andat e whi ch he is purporting to exercis e b y corrupt means.
Contribut ing on t he issue of ba d l eadership, Ogbonna ya (2005 ) in his report st at ed t hat when l eaders mort gage the cons cience of thei r people b y allowing t he nati on al values and cult ures held supreme by the peopl e to dri ft awa y the resul t ant effect is l oss of confidence i n t hei r l eaders hip as wel l as general atmosphere of non -com pl acenc y. C onti nuing, he descri bed the pres ent leaders hip in Ni geria as that where t h e overal l ri ght s and wel fare of the citiz enr y are not prot ect ed and respect ed. Thi s is wh y the researcher des cri bes the nation as being s ick pol iticall y b y operati ng in an atmosphere where her l eader places , personal i nterest far above n ational interest. Nwabuil eSt ella (personal comm uni cati on, S ept em ber 22, 20 19) was ver y point ed in his vi ew that when onecatalogued the ills .associated with bad leadership in Nigeria as thefollowing: Mis appropriat ion of funds, embezzlem ent , and l ack ofpat ri otism, nepotism , s ectionalism , briber y and corrupti on com e to mind . Noti ng further that productivi t y and effici enc y are traded to the wind in an environment where factors other than excellence are employed i n selecting leaders or managers.
In his contri buti on Akpoi gbc (1997 ) s tated that poor phil os oph y' of leadership has been a m ajor factor worki ng against t he progress of Ni geria.
From the foregoing the writer wishes to observe that Nigerian‟s political woes are fundam ent all y rooted in t he probl em of bad leadership whi ch
according to OnwukaUgwu (personal comm uni cation, S eptem ber 18, 2018i s buil t on m aterialism and s el f -cent eredness .This attit ude has call ed for et hical re -ori ent ation am ong politi cal l eaders hip and followershi p in Ni geri a.
4.1.1.5 Poor Educational Funding
Elohe (2005 ) was ver y pungent when he st at ed t hat Ni geri an educational s ys tem has been in deep cri sis for m an y years . Accordi ng t o him vit al lit erac y indicators reveal ed a depl orabl e condition. And thes e li e listed as fol lows:
(i)
Fall i n adult lit erac y rat e(ii)
Drasti c fall i n school children enrolm ent as low as 10% i n some st at es and 30% in others.(iii)
Increasing rate of s chool drop -outs(iv)
Signi ficant fall s i n qualit y of educati on at all l evel s(v)
Hi gh rat e of bandi tr y, cult ism , gangsterism, brain drai n and corruption Continuing, he st ated that t here is an urgent need to hel p Ni geri a yout hs to devel op st andards of personal behavi ort hat would help them to contri but e positi vel y t o the growth of thenation.Furthermore, li e not ed t hat the lack of moral fiber on the general soci et y whi ch has t ended to favor mat erialisti c acqui sition tendenc y has greatl y undermined the younger generation‟s interest i n acqui ring sound moral charact er. Rather , t he y focus all their efforts on how to make it qui ck economicall y. Thi s att itude according to On yekachi Chike (personal comm uni cation, Jul y 18, 20 18) is the root cause of growth of prosti tution,
arm ed robber y, bu yi ng of certifi cat es and degrees wi th m oney , et c.
4.1.1.6Legal Malaise
According to Bassey (2000) the present democratic government is unique in a sense. It is described as a lawless government because it does not operate the constitution.Worse still he adds that even the constitution it inherited is a breached one since it originated from a military government, which is a non-democratic regime.
In his contribution Bamigbetan (2005) states that in a situation where a President of a nation single-handedly accuses and declares one guilty of a crime is a development that grossly undermines and corrupts the judiciary. Continuing, he posits that the decision of President Obasanjo to hold a state broadcast as a forum to pronounce the Senate President guilty is a crude approach to derail and frustrate due judicial process. This development he describes is a gross disrespect to the judiciary estate and a fragrant desecration of the concept of separation of powers that is enshrined in the constitution.Concluding, he posited that the constitution has provided a judicial system that ranges from Customary, High Court to the Appeal Court and Supreme Court to ensure that in convicting an individual of a crime all efforts are exhausted.
Noting that the recent development in the legal system is a trend that is carried over from past military rule to democratic arrangement in governance. We live in a land where equality before the law is in principle but not in practice. This is the position of Nwala (1985) in Amucheazi (1985) where he stated that, system in Nigeria is titled in favour of the rich and the ruling class. A situation "he noted that favors the promotion of illegality and inequality in our rule of law. For instance he pointed that:
The governor or military administrator or commissioner who embezzles public funds is removed from 0ffice and allowed to carry his loot int o busines s and later to vie for politi cal power in order to com e
back to publi c offi ce. The clerk who st eal s a little sum of money on the other hand is sacked or imprisoned. (303).
Writing on the -deadl y blow dealt on the inali enabl e ri ght of the peopl e to choos e the t ype of leader (or governm ent) under which the y will live, Efenga (2003 ) not ed t hat the cardinal pill ar of dem ocrac y and it s unfadi ng beaut y and glor y is the fundam ent al ri ght to choos e the t ype o f leader (or government) -under whi ch they wi ll li ve. R emove that what you have is gangst erism whi ch operat es under organized anarch y.
Continuing, he posit ed t hat the ri ggers of the 2003 general polls in Ni geri a dealt the unkindest blow t o the fragi le foundati o n of the nat ion s hard won freedom. The above statement shows the l evel of our undemocrat ic cul ture as a nation. Such a culture operates becaus e the judi ciar y has no independen ce and even where the y do, t he y are easil y bought over with monetar y inducem ent becaus e m an y of o ur men and wom en in the judi ci ar y l ack the moral fiber to wit hst and s uch professional challenge.