Nuevos sistemas de envasado adaptados a los

Over the last five years, in order to better manage their supply and dem and o f space, many major organisations have undertaken space utilisation studies. These have assisted organisations in monitoring space use and in identifying space wastage and

shortage within a facility. Typically, the overall objective is to reduce the total am ount o f net usable area, which will effectively lower occupancy costs (Apgar, 1993). The main intention is to improve the utilisation o f space, from a very low or very intensive utilisation to a reasonable utilisation, as discussed in Chapter 4. U tilisation can only be identified through regular m onitoring or auditing o f the space after a change has occurred.

Because utilisation depends on the time o f use or frequency and the capacity o f space use or occupancy, the conditions in which low utilisation is recorded could be due to the low average frequency and occupancy o f use. Low frequencies could be due either to the short duration o f events, while low occupancy o f use could be due to unoccupied or temporarily occupied spaces. In one o f the surveys carried out, unoccupied desks ranged from 39% -66% o f the total, whilst occupied desks vary much less, from 20-32%, which indicates that the maxim um level o f desks in use is typically 10-20% above the average level (IBM, 1991). The reverse is true for high utilisation.

Because space is only used once it has been allocated, changes in utilisation will obviously instigate the need for a review o f the allocation procedures. To date, studies o f this nature have focused on continuous data to profile the space throughout the working time (AMA, 1993; Stansall, 1993). The issue in the changing patterns o f space use is the variation over hourly, daily, weekly and monthly periods and the variation across the different levels within the organisation; individuals, groups, business units and the organisation.

over time. This relationship is approached by expressing the possible lim itations which may be intrinsic to the traditional m ethod when applied to these changing situations. This discussion is followed by an extensive attem pt to bring together industrial practices o f the m anagem ent o f space over time.

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