The following section includes the results from a desktop research that has been conducted in January 2012. The research aimed at identifying the higher educational institutions in the Slovak Republic that provide courses in migration, in particular human rights protection of migrants, inc- luding the three different groups as elaborated in the previous section. What can be noticed from the courses identified and introduced below the dichotomy of migration is strictly noted. It could be best observed in the case that most of the courses thought concerning migration are being thought at the Comenius University in particular at the Faculty of Natural Sciences (PF). The rest of the identified faculties and higher educational institutions are dispersed all over the Slovak Republic, though the majority of the courses are being thought still in the capital, Bratislava. That might be the result of the centralized position of the higher educational institutions which of course could signalize that other regions have either no interest in the social sciences or that their interests go in line with different disciplines, such as economy, arts or law. There is a clear distinction between the two disciplines as one goes in line not only with the social phenomenon of population movement and its implication of societal behaviour but also with the effects in terms of how this movement affects the demogra- phic structures and processes which begin with the initiation of the migration process. What natural science contributes to the field of migration studies is the inevitable discussion on the root causes for migration and the implications that possible more frivolous migration policies would have on the demographic structure on a country. While social sciences and particular political structures forget to take into account, natural science researchers give us precisions in their predicaments. In Table 2 you see the Departments of Geography and Biology at the PF UK offering courses such as Population
development of the Slovak Republic which goal is to analyse the long-term trends of the development
of the population of the Slovak Republic in European context, the development of the fertility vs. the mortality rates and the natural movements of the population, the main trends of the international and internal migration of the population, the formation of significant population structures (such as: age, gender, nationality, religious etc.). It also introduces the demographic specific development of the Slovak Republic after 1989 and offers prognosis for the future development of the differentiated
population in Slovakia. Further on, the course Geographic mobility of the population offers an insight of the process of spatial mobility focusing on the migration of the population as a phenomenon of large proportions in the spheres of economic, social and political conditions of society. It emphasises that migration plays a huge role in the world where the birth-rates are conspicuously decreasing in the developed world. The last two courses in the Department of Geography are closely linked thus, De- mographic structures and processes and Demo-geography and demography intervene in the theoretical
backgrounds of migration. The courses focus on the reasons for migration, the regions of migration, the aging of the world-wide population, the structures of the population according to the education level, the social burden of migration, the spatial and time aspects of migration, modelling of popu- lation processes and active knowledge of the methods and techniques of analysis and interpretation of the spatial segregated groups of the population and their impact on the future development of the population.
The Department of Biology on the other hand offers two courses that include human migration as part of the goal of the subjects. Genetics of the human population includes a lecture on the heteroge- neity of the human population with a special attention to the collection and use of the demographic data. Demography, on the other hand, represents an introduction to the study of the human popu- lation. The goal of the subject is to manage the patterns of development, mobility dynamics and the structure of the population on regional and global scale.
Both these departments contribute to the scientific elaboration of migration as a natural and so- cial discipline and their added value lies in the fact that they include a substantial amount of theore- tical information that needs to be a beginning point for all interested in migration. It is of the utmost importance for this type of education to be provided in the future as well.
Table 2: Higher educational institutions in the Slovak Republic where migration is thought as a natural science
Vysoká škola Fakulta Študijný program Názov predmetu Univerzita Komen-
-ského (UK)
Prírodovedecká fa- -kulta (PF)
Geografia (GE) Populačný vývoj Slov- -enska UK PF GE Demografická analýza UK PF GE Demografické štruk- -túry a procesy UK PF GE Geografická mobilita obyvateľstva UK PF GE Demogeografia a de- mografia
UK PF Biológia (BI) Biogeografia
UK PF BI Demografia
UK PF BI Genetika ľudských po-
Table 3 subsequently shows the higher educational institutions in the Slovak Republic where migration is thought from the perspective of a social science. Here we found a higher range of institu- tions that also focus on the question of international migration from different aspects. Two faculties at the Comenius University offer subjects which include deliberative courses in international migra- tion. Namely the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences offers two courses, one in the Institute of European Studies and International Relations and the other at the Institute of Public Policy and Economy, i.e. Europe and international migration and Migration policy respectively. Both courses in- clude lectures on European migration patterns, historical perspectives of international migration in Europe, European migration policies and theoretical perspectives. Neither of the courses focuses on the human rights perspective in particular due to the vast literature and scope of the course which does not allow for the lecturer to include details such as the ones mentioned in the previous section I. Human rights are mentioned as a sub-category of the courses but in no way reflect the need for structured education in this area. Further on, the Faculty of Education had established something called weekend education for its students that was temporarily teaching Migration and the new mi-
norities in education. This course is dependent on a project that is of limited time which does not
guarantee the long-term endowment and appropriate methods in delivery of the topic of human rights for migrants. Somewhat similar course, with a less distinctive focus on the topic of migration offers the course Comparison of public policies and governance in the EU II, thought at the Institute of Public Policy and Opinion at the College in Sladkovicovo. The issue of migration is only mentioned as part of the comparison between the minority policy, security policy and the immigration policy of the EU. Human rights issues are not mentioned at all. Similar to the Department of Geography, the same institute offers a course in Demography in the public opinion capturing to a certain extent issues concerning the protection of migrants’ rights but not in an explicit manner, but among the issues of demographic prognosis, the problem of demography in a global context, the unique forms of natural mobility of the population and so on.
The Police Academy in Bratislava offers two courses related to the topic of migration. The course Asylum law and migration policy is the first that focuses on the regulation of the status of refugees, their role in the legal system of the receiving country and teaches the students to apply the legal norms of the asylum law in an appropriate and just manner. Further on the course Security corps in
the countries of the EU introduces the security aspect of migration and the newly discussed issues of
islamophobia and securitization of the borders against any ‘intruders’.
The College of health and social work St. Alzbeta Bratislava among all offers the most specialized course that includes lectures on migrants’ right to work and their equality with the citizens of the co- untry. Policy of employment aims at informing and offering basic theoretical and practical knowledge about the policy of employment and the labour market policy.
Among those available in the research the last found was the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Uni- versity Matej Bela in Banska Bystrica, that in its programme at the Department of Ethics and Applied Ethics introduces the concept of migration as a non-discriminatory clause, but does not evolve into something more.
The faculties which are mentioned in this section are also the ones which are the most suitable to teach courses that focus on the protection of migrants’ rights. In this list it would be also good to include Law schools which focus on the education of human rights in international law and which
were not identified at all. The issue of migration, in particular international migration is becoming a more prominent disputable issue. The lack of education and understanding of the position in which international migrants are could easily lead to mismanagement of political structures, complaints on the premises of violated human rights at international human rights tribunals and all that as a result of lack of provided education.
Table 3: Higher educational institutions in the Slovak Republic where migration is thought as a social science
Vysoká škola Fakulta Študijný program Názov predmetu
Univerzita Komen-ského UK
Fakulta sociálnych a eko- nomických vied (FSEV)
Ústav európskych štúdii a medzinárodných vzťahov
(polito-lógia)
Európa a medzinárodná mi-grácia
UK FSEV Ústav verejnej politiky a
ekonómie (vere-jná poli- tika a verejná správa)
Migračná politika
UK Pedagogická fakulta Katedra predškol-skej a
elementárnej pedagogiky
(Vikendova škola) Migrácia a nové menšiny
vo vyučovaní Vysoká škola v Sládkovi-
čove
Fakulta verejnej politiky a verejnej správy
Verejná politika a verejná správa
Demografia vo vere-jnej správe
Vysoká škola v Sládkovi- čove
Fakulta verejnej politiky a verejnej správy
Verejná politika a verejná správa
Komparácia verejných politík a verejnej správy
v EÚ II Akadémia polica-jného
zboru v Bratislave
Ochrana osôb a majetku Bezpečnostné zbory kra- jín EÚ Akadémia polica-jného
zboru v Bratislave
Katedra hraničnej a cu- dzineckej polície
Bezpečnostné verejno- -správne služby
Azylové právo a migra- čná politika Vysoká škola zdravotníc-
tva a sociálnej práce sv. Alžbety Bratislava, n.o.
Sociálna práca Politika zamest-nanosti
Fakulta humanitných
vied UMB Banská By- strica
Katedra etiky a aplikova- nej etiky