2.2. SISTEMA VIAL PERUANO
2.2.2. Obras Ejecutadas en Carreteras No Pavimentadas
Tryens, Jeffrey, and William Rice, ed. "State of the Environment." A Report for the
Center for Policy Alternatives: Washington, DC. Vol 6, No.2, July 1989.
Tryens, Jeffrey, and William Rice, ed. "State of the Environment." A Report for the
Center for Policy Alternatives: Washington, DC. Vol 6, No.3, October 1989.
Tryens, Jeffrey, and William Rice, ed. "State of the Environment." A Report for the
Center for Policy Alternatives: Washington, DC. Vol. 7, No.2, April 1990.
Tryens, Jeffrey, and William Rice, ed. "Policy Alternatives on Environment." A Report
for the Center for Policy Alternatives: Washington, DC. Vol. 7, No.2, September 1990.
Tryens, Jeffrey, and William Rice, ed. "Policy Alternatives on Environment." A Rreport
for the Center for Policy Alternatives: Washington, DC. Vol. 7, No.3, November 1990.
Tryens, Jeffrey, and William Rice, ed. "Policy Alternatives on Environment." A Report
for the Center for Policy Alternatives: Washington, DC. Vol. 8, No.l, January 1991.
Tryens, Jeffrey, and William Rice, ed. "Policy Alternatives on Environment." A Report
for the Center for Policy Alternatives: Washington, DC. Vol. 8, No.2, April 1991.
Waring, Marilyn. "Measuring the Economy: People, Pollution and Politics." Building
Economic Alternatives: A Publication of Co-op America. Fall 1990.Women's Economic Justice Center, "Low-Income Women and Health Care: An Economic
Challenge." A report from the Leadership Breif: A Project of the National Center for Policy Alternatives, Washington, DC. December 1988.
World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1987.
World Resources Institute. World Resources 1990-1991. Washington- DC: World
State-Level Sustairiahle DBvelopfflent Policy Hodels
^Kuur JTATE SILL m. YEAR DESCRIPTION
** cCOfiOSlCS
AQricuiturB Icssa
Business
Full-cost acct "A
ruis-cosi acct sJ
Full-cost sccx Hi
til-cost acct Ul Incentives til Incentives NJ
Incentives NJ Adsin code ISAsSh
Incentives OR Incentives Rhode Islan d Incentives VT Land van >focureffient CA ASA
198S The Iowa Pars Feiily Assistance Procras, sponsored by the
state qovernsent and funded thru the US Dept of Labor 1932
Job partnership Act seeks out farmers whose financial problesE need leqal advice stiq alternative planning. 0 An eccnoiaic dev. plan that preserves jobs, iiiproves
porductivitV} and increases the average wealth of workers ... ESBPs. A low cost rJaO per job coioared to $£400 of state unesployffientlalloBE econ. dev and e^iployee equity, 0 Previously ignored environsental costs are now used in
evaluating new sources of power for the state. This captures sore of the true costs of projects,
0 Previously ignored environiental costs are now used in evaluating new power sources.} thus capturing tore of the
true costs of a project.
0 The use of previously ignored environsental costs are used in evaluaating bids for new sources of power. This full-cost approach better captures the true costs of
projects.
0 Previously ignored environmental costs are now used in the evaluation of new power sources, thus capturing a sore
accurate cost of a project.
0 To proiK'te the use of scrap isaterial rlichigan proiotes . loans and grants for manufactures, processors) aarketors,
and RiB coipanies to utilize scrap isaterials. Ranges froi
50)000 to 5,000)000 per loan sas.
0 To proaote the use of scrap material, NJ gives a tas cedit for equipment of 50a and loans for fiaed assets froi 50,000 to 3,000,000. also a sales tax esessption.
1933 Sales and use tax esesption for Cogeneration equipsent - set forth sinisuB criteria for obtaining a sales and use
iii esesption.
0 Tp proiote use of scrap csaterials it gives a 35* Business Energy Tax Credit, a Pollution Control Facilities Ta>! Credit of 35S, and a Plastics Recycling Tax Credit of 50S. 0 Offers sortgage prograss that encourages the purchase of
sore effienct hosses by raising the debt-to incose ratio
for energy-efficient hoies.
0 Offers Bortqage prograsis designed to encourage the purchase of sore efficient hoses by raising borrowing lisits and calculating ionthiy energy bills as part of qualification. Hoses with lower bills qualify for greater
sortgages.
0 fiany state and local governsents are acquiring land for preservation and conservation through bonds. Land for parks, beaches, and zoos recently have been funded by
various bond prograss.
1989 State procureaent law gives a 5!4 price preference for recycled paper and other products and the use of coBipost. Paper goal is SOS recycled by 19?ti and other products ere
btiuur iiHii: iJiLL i/ilSLKif; lUR KrocureiBeni CO BSiii! Procureient HJ PL lOS coisaunity Dev, cossunitv dev coiMiunitv dev. Srowth Hsnaoesent Bct m
COSSUrsUV OfcV. iij
coMunitv dev. NH/CQ coisunitv dev, OR
conversion Ci rn 90-S70
conversion CT PA 91-3^0
conversion CT Executive Action
conversion HA HB!<5975
conversion HE tjiecutive Action
conversion Econ. Conv. Task Force
i'i'd'i
iva/
i'iaz
ii^Z
1990
The state procuressent gives « iOS recycled orcducts 'iisust contain
'ics orstsrerscs i'j
5X secDndary waste **itr
1973 1991 1991 1991 1991 19ei
goal of 50S by 1995. also price preference to plastics and
other products.
Gives a 10" price prefence to the purchase of recycled products that contain 50S secondarv waste? to cosoost eatenalsi recycled paveisent sateriai and fuel oil. 45'i of paper * are to be 'ros recycled isaterial,
A qovernient run export trading coipaniss that supplies marketing assistance for saall ccispanies. Focusing on Sisall i<10 n salss/yr) it brings together export clients and businesses and helps with planninq strategies,
A growth sianaqeiisBnt plan that requires cincurrent planning of infrastructure »ith new developsent. If concurrency can't be sset* construction does not proceed. Planning on a state-wide, top-down basis with local esphasis.
For people on welfare) sionthly checks are now directly deposited into a bank account with up to four free aonthly
withdrawls. Siven sore incentive to save and access to
banking services, welfare recpients are better isanaging 1. The NJ based Land Use Forus (LOF) esploys citizens. elected officals, pianninq board seEbers. and
landowner-developers to create cDiaunity-oriented criteria for specific land-use plans for new facilities.
Colorado and New Mexico has signed an educational compact that allows students in one state to attend a college in the other for 150a of in-state tuition. The colleges also share prograas and resources to strengthen academic basis. Oregon's Land-Use Planning progress seeks to conserve
fartland. forests? and coastal resources vital to the
state's econosy and environient. It includes urban boundaries and a successful citiien participation with
state 1 local gov.
created the Connecticut Costa, on Econ. Dev, i Hanf.
Assist, Act which advises gcvernsent on conversion. Provides grants for conversion studies and strategy
sets aside 110 isillion in bond authoriiation for
diversification projects, Gne sillion will go to set up
the Defense ͣ .versification Office.
Conn, has adopted an official policy which includes long and short ters goals in defense diversification.
An act to promote econotic stability for workers i coepsnies involved in ailitary production though contingency planning for econoBic conversion. «ov ballot
Sovernor HcKernan established a task force on defense
reslignaent for Haine to detersine econ. dependence on aiiitary spending & a strategy for conversion.
Established to deal with plant closures caused by loss in aiiitary contracts. Technical assistance and job
State-Level Sostainable Devtlopierit Policy 'lodeis
'jnUUf' iiBib ClLt. m. (tAR DtatttlniUR
converEior! NV conversion iiA ir<yeEtfflerit !o« "investment LA iriVestsent M investasnt HD mvestsent MN investaent HI investsent Ul investsient transportation CA transportation IL trariBportation HS transportation N3 Environsent ͣ orestrv icf frograa
Bill no. mva
rtf:
33NSi)30 - Coiffi. Reinvest
0 An Indiistriai Effectiveness Progrss provides financial and technical support for defense firss seeking nei* iarkets in
coswercial sector.
1990 the Defense Diversification Sill established a oropras to assist defense dependent firiss and cosaunitieE throuch technical, financial and strategic planning
199! interstate bankinc »/ Hidwest, Applicant sust seet CDSsunity investment needs and los-incose investsent. SBN 2s3 Saail Bus. Srant 1990 Authorize set-aside goals and preference under LA SiE^ail
Business Linked Deposit for socially/econosically disadvantaged owners. e
1990 Strengthens cosaunjty reinvestsent - CRA credit to nDusing
loans in loii/ffod areas
regional aonitor boards for house/business loans, 1990 Creates a cosiunity reinvestsent fund, sanaged by private
banks with State aid to increase investsent in
lisited-incoae housing and ssall businesses! and farsis. 1990 CRA evaluations of financial institutions owned by bank holding co, requires four-tier descriptive rating systes. 0 The Board of investtents iust ro« prepare an environaentai
review before lending state soney to projects affecting the envir. The only to state to use envr. iapact asEessients as lending criteria.
0 Establishes a division of Coissunity Reinvestsent in the Banking Dept and encourages investient in qualifying cosiBunities. Links public deposits to CRA rate
1990 Establishes a link deposit progras to assist in financing the deveiopaent of residential facilities for ind. w/
developaeni disabili
0 Looking for icore flexibility in federal policy, California is seeking new tass transit alternatives instead of i<iider
freeways.
0 Working with other agencies the Illinois DOT has a iulti-sodal plan to relieve congestion fros signalization to long range asass transit. It is going away frou coapartsentaliied transportation funds and planning. 0 haryiand's DOT has control over all sodes of
transportation and tends to inteqrate itE pians. It often works with the DC area to coordinate transportation aanagesent of freewaysj rail Eysyteis and subways. 0 Sovenor Florio set up a Transportation executive council
including independent road authorities. The group will work together to develop a state transportation strategy
that is cooperative in needs and fundinq
ABfi 15 - Com. Reinvest.
DH HNfi d97 Linked Deposits
1990 Econosic Diversification Afforestation Act creates an
aqroforestry prograa to encourage tree planting to stop soil erosion. Aqroforestry builds on federal prograas
i!«uur bihii: BilL '"U. tHK UtiLKin JU« Hqricui-ure Hqricuixiire i-u Aqricuiture Hcncui^ure HE m Aqricuiture ?m Aqricuiture M Aqricuiture OS Aqricuiture TX Aqricuiture VT Airi atsospnere CA HB 10-: inq Law
Oariibui Ag. Act
HF 1000 chpt 633
Agriculture FA H31S33
Aqricuiture U BH 189a, 198
Aqricuiture TX
Adsin Part 1. title 4
18
iia,'
0 Requires fariters to keep records aiid disclose pesticides used in growing food products. Sustainable labels are catesori:ed by IPS. grown without pesticides (SviPt or trarisitiqiial organic uO).
^his act regulates a systes of perrats and inspections in the use sf "chesiqation" the mising of fertiliisrs or pesticides in irrigation water. Bv nsonitoring the systes! groundwater contaisination can be controlled.
1939 A la«i that requires in-store inforsation about how produce has been treated and where it coses froi. Requires both pre-harvest and post-harvest treatssent to be disclosed. 0 Hinnesota Corn Processors, a cooperative of liOO Sisall
fariers profits froa processing corn into ethanol fuel - 15 iiiilion gallons/year.
198S provides below-sarket interest loans for sustainable
aqricuiture.
1988 Established a state funded sustainable agricultural prografi. The dept of ag. works with extension service on
non-chesfflical weed ianacesent and fars-croduced itriplen^s
Includes a loan progras, certification; and audits. 1990 A update to the 1973 bill for organic food. Requires
labeling specifications and the Dept of Ag has power to fine violators directly. Requires that crohibited
fertiliiers cannot be used two years prior to harvest, and
pesticides 3.
1989 The nutrient ianagesent act establishes criteria for control teasures which utilize aniisal waste, provides education to prevent groundwater pollution, identify excess manure and assess non-point pollution
1987 This agriculture Hazard Cosisunication ACt requires farsers
to sake inforaation available about hazardous saterials to their workers. Training, education and outreach programs are developed for faririworkers,
1988 Dept of agriculture conducts market research on supersarket chain receptiveness to selling Texas grown organic food products, and organizes seetinqs between
farsers and retailers,
1933 voluntary, but coaprehensive organic certification prograi. Seeks to help the faraer obtain a greater share of the organic sarket, protect health of farsworkers, and reduce pollution froa agricultural chesicais.
1987 A pesticide law that raises registration fees to create a special fund for the state aqricuitur cosaission to
ͣ
onitor pesticide use, provide pesticide education, and research alternatives to pesticides. Civil & crininal
penalties.
Chp 1506, 105 & 106, £18 1989 Requires the Ca energy Cosiaission to study ispact of
diaate warsinq to develop a state-wide strategy, increased gas tax, and review CA Envr. Quality Act.State-Level Sustainable Development
Policy Hodels
ftHK iftSLiriri ;Ui«
Uri atisosphere Uh Energy Coisission
Air. atsosphere CI HB 5630
Air. dtaCiphere HA SBM 1344 - CFC control
fiir. siEiOipnsi e im
Hir, fiisosonert m
H 6496
0 Alternative Fuel Frograa - $100 sillion froi oil overcharge to support ffiethsnol fuel sroqraffls for the
stabilization of global clisate.
1939 Prohibits sale of any foai products with CFC's Requires
the coaisissioner of the Environeentil Protection to adopt regulations for recycling and disposal of CFCs.
19S9 The first to pass legislation requiring recycling of CFC
and restricts consuiser sales of smll asoounts of CFCs.
1990 O:one protection and global »arfiing aeasures. Energy
conservation assistance is targeted to utility consusers
who will be the beneficiaries of the highest utility
spending per capita in the country,
1939 Reduce greenhouse effect by providing finsciai initiatives for the construction of energy-efficient buildings. Efficient lighting in state buildings, favorable mortgage
consideration, sliding sales ta;; on vehicles.
0 Taking a ta>; incentive approach? ttaryland is encouraging
recycling of CFCs by granting a 100 % ta>i credit for gas
stations purchasing recycling eguipEent.
1990 CFC collant la» will deny registration for new cars »ith CFCs after 1994, requires recycling of auto CFCs and
restricts sales of stall containers of CFC.
1939 The first ban on foas board, including household
insulation sade with CFCs. This ban will not be in effect
until a substitute is found,
Airj atEosphere i1i4 Chpt 587. 445, and 560 1990 537 - reports on C0£ eaissicns and redustion strategies.
#
iii"! atiosphere Hi
Hirj atsosonere nt nsw j^a
Air. ataosphere fM Sovemor's Cosaission 1990
Air. atmosphere HN Ch 560 Art, 2 1990
Air. atsosphere HO Cosiission 1939
Air. ataosphere N.E. Cooperative Agreeaent 1983
ijr. atsosphe?e NECSA Interstate Coapact 1989
OH
Air, ataosphere Ul Executive order £19 1989
445 - Urban reforestation plan. 560 - a coiprehensive
reduction and recyciing act for CFCs.
A coisaission on global waraing w/ leaders fros qovernient, business, and acadetia to develop strategies for
prevention of global warsinq. Proaotes linkages of
environsent and econeaics.
Coaprehensive CFC Reduction and recycling act includes auto salvaging, refrigeration equipaent, mobile air conditioning, servicing of appliances, and sales of ssali aacunts of CFCs.
A coiiission on global wansing and ozone depletion to assess Missouri's contribution to cliaate change. The eliainstion of CFC and prohibits sales of products with
CFCs starting 1/1/1993.
Seven northeast states isplesented an ozone control by
reducing gasoline evaporation at the puap during suaaer
aonths. It exceeds the federal clean air act 11977).
Regional cooperation help to sake it sore econoaic. Eight northeast states have agreed to propose the
iapleaentation of California eaission standards throughout
the region, beginning as early as 1993. A cost effective air pollution control prograa to a regional probiea, A joint effort by 10 state agencies to reduce eaissions of
greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting gases. Reduction of energy consuaption and CFCs, tree saKisization, public
iifiit SiLL :*ij. ithh ,c;-i.r 'iiUS
itsospheie HV Ejiecutive Oi der
fiifi stsosphere OR Leqislative Task Force
Air; atsosphere vT HSScO
Air. atsosohers VT ͣiiecutivB Crder
BIT; ataospnere #1 sijj;P.?
Air. atisoohere Ct HS je96
tnsrqv Lr) niSC.
tiiergy
energy sneroy Energy
FL State Bicycle Plan
FL Chpt 37-271
Io*»a SF 2h03
Energy
HA Integrated Resource f!gt 1990
HJ Energy Policy
19S3 Frissr-ly thrDuqh the itste's energy plan, requires 20X energy requction by Zas vsir 20uO by energy auditsi techiiicai siiiEtance; and fin;ncinq efficiency. An
evaluation of a carbon tas.
1990 'asi; force on global ^arssinq subsitted several legislative conceots inckding tas credits on recycling CFCs. urban forestry, gas guzzler tax. rics share incentives.
wSatneritation initiatives and a carbon taji.
1590 Act for ozone-depleting cheaicals with specific iseasures
to reduce or eliiinate non-esse"tial use of CFCs and Rdlons, recovery and recycling,
19S9 Global warsmq policy »/ 3 asbitious goals; 15S reduction in greenhouse gas esission, 20'i per capita energy
reduction, and 20/. energy use in state buildings by the year 2000, A coiprerensive energy plan «ith life-cycle
costing !
1990 A comprehensive state law to control CFCs, Starting in 1996, ne» sotor vehicles using CFCs »ith oione-depletinq potential are banned, auto and refigerator coolant sust be
recycled
1990 Reduces etission of greenhouse gases? C02, frois buildings i autos. Reguires state to use energy efficient
buildings, autos, appliances, utilities can charge higher rate for inefficient buildings after 1993
0 utilities practice innovative prograss to obtain conservation which is cheaper than net* power, compact fiourescent lights free to lo»-incose, energy audits. Partnerships «ith envr groups and industry to isprove
appliance efficiency
0 A state bicycle coordinator and 18 local coordinators work to create a better environisent for bicyclers and
pedestrians. They ensure new road construction and developsents such as shopping sails and sub-divisions
include bike/peds
1927 A avoidance law that sets up a schedule for hose appliance energy efficiency that exceeds federal standards
showerheadsj fiourescent lighting, etc. will save enough to avoid a coal-fired plant fros being built.
1990 Provides incentives for utilities to assist custosers in
efficiency. Hore efficeint state building design and higher state auto apg standards, proaotes energy education and incorporates life-cycle costs.
Utilities tust expoiit all cost-effective conservation isproveaents before new sources are aprroved.
Conservation and independent power coapete with new bids, Envr costs are included in bids. Higher rates of return
for conserv.
1990 ft plan that prosotes the use of best available technology for the conservation of oil) gaS) electricity in hoses, businesst factories? and on roadways. Evaluation of building codes, utility efficiency. Higher fuel eff.
FolJcv Hcdeis
3!rliC i?ll.L
Eiierqy NJ Public Law C.345 1937 isecutivs ReorqanizatiDn Aci of 1?S7 establisheG a
. isultidepsrtisent Energ/ "aster Plan Cossiittee with respDsibility to prspara updstes of the Energy naster
-Plsri. Obtained inter-aqencv involvEient.
tnerqv Nv S3 497 1989 Requires utility cospaiiies to calculste societal costs and co-sjder these costs in planrinp. Designed to give preference to electncity generated by renewable sources .,, . and an evolution a«3y fros reliance on fossil fuels.
Enerqy NY 1991 Governor Cuoio directed 'ͣiew York to adopt California's Low
Eiission vehicle 'LEV! standards for 1995 and subsequent '. years. Places liiiiits Dn ssissions and tosic and
carginogen levels.
Eiierqy G« Chpt khh 1989 1989 A bill that requires the state depsrtsent of energy to
develop a energy plan for reducing greenhouse gas
eiissicns by EOS by 2005. Focusing on energy use. it will look at a full range of options.
Energy vT Executive Order 1939 A cosprehensive energy plan that calls for a iS'i reduction