- Oficina de Turismo

In this paper, focussing on the process of translation in popular scientific press in contemporary world, we have examined headlines as a distinct text-type and have attempted to show the role of metaphor in STs and in their corresponding TTs. An interdisciplinary approach – drawing essentially on TS and SFL, but also in part on media studies – has been found to be useful for the purpose of our investigation.

Results of our case study show that metaphoricity in headlines plays a major role in both STs and TTs. In terms of effect towards the target audience, we can affirm that, despite more referentiality, they have globally maintained their ‘paradigmatic’

traits and most often function like ‘slogans’ that catch the reader’s attention (Papuzzi 2010).

It is evident that the small size of the case study does not permit definitive conclusions and further research is required. For a wider understanding of (re-) metaphorisation in headlines of NG magazine translated into Italian, for example, these early results could be followed by an investigation of a larger corpus.

Furthermore, the analysis could be extended to include subheadings within the body of the article, and also the ‘lead’. It would also be interesting to compare our findings from the print editions with those from the electronic versions, to study any possible differences. Finally, larger-scale research might include other popular science magazines, in order to see whether there is a correspondence and establish whether our findings can be said to be typical of the text-type and of its translation.

We are perfectly aware that our results may be partly dependent on the type of participants involved in this communicative act: for 33 articles, four translators and the same editorial staff were involved⁶. Further exploration is hence desirable, with new texts, new human subjects and, for the scope of objectivity, also different researchers.

6 Translators of articles in the 6 issues are: B. Cerminara; P. Gimigliano; I. Inserra (Scriptum); C.V.

Letizia (Scriptum). The editorial staff includes: M. Conti (managing editor); M. Gravino;

S. Martorelli; M. Pinna.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Fig. 3: Metaphoricity in STs and TTs

Metaphor: ST

Metaphor: ST - TT

Metaphor: TT

164

References

Baker, M. (1996) ‘Corpus-based translation studies: the challenges that lie ahead’, in H. Somers (ed.) Terminology, LSP and Translation: Studies in Language Engineering, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 175-186.

Blum-Kulka, S. (1986) ‘Shifts of cohesion and coherence in translation’, in J. House;

S. Blum-Kulka (eds) Inter-lingual and Inter-cultural Communication: Discourse and Cognition in Translation and Second Language Acquisition Studies, Tübingen: Gunter Narr, 17-35.

Broeck, R. (van den) (1981) ‘The limits of translatability exemplified by metaphor translation’, Poetics Today 2 (4), 73-87.

Devoto, G.; Oli, G.C. (2007) Vocabolario della lingua italiana [a cura di L. Serianni, M.

Trifone], Firenze: le Monnier.

Gotti, M. (2012) ‘La riscrittura del testo da specialistico a divulgativo’, Altre Modernità/Otras Modernidades/Autres Modernités/Other Modernities (“Traduzione e riscrittura”) 11, 145-159. http://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/AMonline/article/view/2468/

2693 (last accessed on 07/12/12).

Halan, Y.C. (2009) Effective Editing, New Delhi: Sterling.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar, 2^nd ed. [1985], London:

Arnold.

Halliday, M.A.K.; Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. (1999) Construing Experience through Meaning:

A Language-based Approach to Cognition, London/New York: Cassell.

House, J. (1997) Translation Quality Assessment: A Model Revisited, Tübingen: Gunter Narr.

Lakoff, G.; Johnson, M. (1980) Metaphors We Live By, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Laviosa, S. (2009) ‘Universals’, in M. Baker; G. Saldanha (eds) Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, London/New York: Routledge, 306-310.

Levý, J. (1969) Die literarische Übersetzung. Theorie einer Kunstgattung [tr. W.

Schamschula], Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum.

Manfredi, M. (2011) ‘Systemic Functional Linguistics as a tool for translation teaching:

towards a meaningful practice’, Rivista Internazionale di Tecnica della Traduzione/International Journal of Translation 13, 49-62.

News Manual, The, http://www.thenewsmanual.net/Resources/glossary.html (last accessed on 25/05/2013).

Nord, C. (1995) ‘Text-functions in translation: Titles and headings as a case in point’, Target 7 (2), 261-284.

Nord, C. (2012) ‘Guiding the Reader’s Reception: Pericope Titles in the New Testament’, Collegium (“Translation-Interpretation-Meaning”) 7, 63-76, https://helda.helsinki.fi/

bitstream/handle/10138/34746/7_05_Nord.pdf?sequence=1 (last accessed on 25/05/13).

Oxford English Dictionary, http://www.oed.com (last accessed on 25/05/2013).

Papuzzi, A. (2010) Professione giornalista, 5 ed. [2003], Roma: Donzelli.

Steiner, E. (2002) ‘Grammatical Metaphor in Translation – Some methods for corpus-based investigations’, in H. Hasselgård; S. Johansson; B. Behrens; C. Fabricius-Hansen (eds) Information Structure in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 213-228.

Steiner, E. (2004) ‘Ideational grammatical metaphor: exploring some implications for the overall model’, Languages in Contrast 4 (1), 137-164.

Toury, G. (1995) Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond, Amsterdam/Philadelphia:

John Benjamins.

Vinay, J.P.; Darbelnet, J. (2004) ‘A methodology for translation’ [1995] [1958. Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais, tr. J.C. Sager; M.J. Hamel], in L. Venuti (ed.) The Translation Studies Reader, 2^nd ed., New York/London: Routledge, 128-137.

165

Primary sources⁷

Bartholet, J. ‘Egypt in the moment’ (5), 70-97. (‘Egitto il futuro è adesso’ (5), 2-29) Bassi, S. ‘La civilt del libro’ (1), 98-101.

Dickey, C. ‘Marseille’s Melting Pot’ (3), 126-147. (‘Mélange Marsiglia’ (3), 44-63) Ferri, M. ‘Cronaca di un capolavoro annunciato’ (2), 106-113.

Ferris, T. ‘Sun Struck’ (6), 36-53. (‘Colpi di sole’ (6), 36-51)

Folger, T. ‘The calm before the wave’ (2), 54-77. (‘La quiete prima dell’onda’(2), 20-41) Gwin, P. ‘Rhino Wars’ (3), 106-125. (‘La guerra del corno’ (3), 66-85)

Jenkins, M. ‘The Healing Fields’ (1), 96-115. (‘Un futuro senza mine’ (1), 30-49) Lancaster, J. ‘Tomorrowland’ (2), 80-101. (‘Futurlandia’ (2), 60-81)

Mann, C.C.; Hecht, S. ‘Where Slaves Ruled’ (4), 122-139. (‘Il regno degli schiavi’ (4), 66-83)

Martorelli, S. ‘Quando Neandertal aveva le penne’ (4), 54-65.

Merola, M. ‘Le stanze della memoria’ (3), 2-15.

Mutsuki Mockett, M. ‘A time to run’ (2), 78-79. (‘Perché corri?’ (2), 42-43)

O’Neill, T. ‘Lady with a Secret’ (2), 102-109. (‘La nuova Monna Lisa è lei?’ (2), 98-105) Pasotti, J. ‘Antartide, Italia’ (6), 16-35.

Paterniti, M. ‘In China’s Shadow’ (6), 98-121. (‘All’ombra della Cina’ (6), 52-73) Ratliff, E. ‘Mix Match Morph’ (2), 34-53. (‘E l’uomo creò il cane’ (2), 2-19) Sides, H. ‘Unseen Titanic’ (4), 78-99. (‘Luce sul Titanic’ (4), 2-31)

Todhunter, A. ‘In the Footsteps of the Apostles’ (3), 38-65. (‘Viaggio sulle orme degli apostoli’ (3), 16-43)

Williams, A.R. ‘The Golden Chiefs of Panama’ (1), 66-81. (‘L’oro degli antichi sovrani di Panama’ (1), 50-65)

7 All sources are from National Geographic and National Geographic Italia, respectively vol. 221 and 29 (2012). Therefore, only the issue number will be specified.

Lindqvist, Yvonne, ‘Grammatical metaphors in translation: Cookery books as a case in point’, in Donna R.

Miller; Enrico Monti (eds) Tradurre Figure / Translating Figurative Language, Bologna, CeSLiC, ‘Quaderni del CeSLiC, Atti di Convegni’, ISSN 1979-932X, pp. 167-180.

Grammatical metaphors in translation : Cookery books as a