CAPÍTULO 3. APLICACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE LA GCS EMPLEANDO LA HERRAMIENTA
3.7 Operación de integración de las actividades en los elementos de configuración del
This session discusses problem prevention, recognition and rescue manage-ment skills relevant to situations divers are likely to encounter at local dive sites. Stress the importance of rescuer readiness which includes establishing an emergency assistance plan. If possible, have sample plans available to show student divers. Explain that divers will get hands-on practice using this infor-mation during open water training sessions. Encourage student divers to keep their skills sharp by participating in rescue workshops or practice sessions after certification.
It is recommended that student divers read Section Three of the PADI Rescue Diver Manual and complete the Knowledge Review before attending.
Presentation
Overview and Learning Objectives
I. Readiness
1. What can you do to be ready to manage an emer-gency?
2. What considerations and procedures are involved with forming a local emergency assistance plan?
II. Managing an Emergency
3. What are the two possible roles a Rescue Diver may have at a dive accident scene?
4. What are the basic steps for emergency manage-ment?
Outline
I. Readiness
A.What can you do to be ready to manage an emergency?
1. Preparation, or readiness, is key in handling emergen-cies quickly and efficiently. As a rescue diver, you need to consider your personal readiness to face a variety of challenges. This may include:
a. Maintaining your overall physical fitness. Staying in shape ensures that you’ll have the stamina and
Rescue 3–
Module Three
●Readiness
1
●Managing an Emergency
Rescue 3–
Readiness
●What can you do to be ready to manage an emergency?
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▲ Rescuer readiness
✔Physical fitness
✔Training and practice
✔Attitude
b. Participating in continuous training and practice.
Keeping your skills sharp allows you to perform them quickly and confidently when needed.
c. Having the proper attitude. When you commit yourself to following safe diving practices and being aware of other divers, you are better prepared to handle emergencies as they arise. Mental rehearsal and visualization help ready you to act quickly and confidently.
B. Equipment Readiness
1. In addition to first aid equipment and oxygen, there are other equipment items that may help you manage an emergency. [Review the list in Section Three of the PADI Rescue Diver Manual.]
a. Depending on the location, number of divers and access to Emergency Medical Services (EMS), having some or all of these items available can help make you more efficient when faced with a rescue situa-tion.
b. You may find that you can improvise or substitute items if necessary. For example, you can use a surfboard as a backboard. Be resourceful.
c. Knowing how to use available equipment is just as important as having it there. If unsure, get training before you actually need it.
C. Information Readiness
1. What considerations and procedures are in-volved with forming a local emergency assis-tance plan?
a. For areas where Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are available, most people are familiar with emer-gency contact numbers – for example, 911. How-ever, it’s a good idea to have local emergency num-bers written down and easily accessible at the dive site. Your Diving Accident Management Work Slate may be used as a ready reference. [Discuss local contact information]
b. If the Divers Alert Network (DAN) or Diving Emer-gency Services (DES) provides consultation for your area, you should also have those numbers handy.
1. DAN is located at Duke University Medical Cen-ter - (919) 684-8111, Nonemergency number;
(919) 684-2948.
✔Local emergency contact
✔Divers Alert Network (DAN) and Diving Emergency Services (DES)
✔Have an Emergency Assistance Plan Rescue 3–
Readiness
●What can you do...
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▲Equipment
(See PADI Rescue Diver Manual for list)
✔Have items available
✔Be resourceful
✔Know how to use
2. Diving Emergency Services (DES) — within Austra-lia – 9563-1151 or 1-800-088-200; FAX 61-3-9563-1139. Outside Australia – 61-8-373-5312 c. Having an Emergency Assistance Plan is especially
important when visiting a new dive site or diving in a remote location.
[Explain to student divers that PADI Divemaster can-didates are required to produce Emergency Assistance Plans for local dive sites. In preparation for moving on to the divemaster course, they can gain experience in producing plans now.]
II. Managing an Emergency
A.What are the two possible roles a Rescue Diver may have at a dive accident scene?
1. You never know when or where a dive accident may occur. For this reason, your role as a rescue diver may vary depending on who is at the scene and what re-sources are available.
a. When a more qualified person is present, such as an instructor or divemaster, your role will most likely be that of a skilled rescue assistant.
b. If you are the most qualified diver present, then you may coordinate the rescue as an emergency manager.
B.What are the basic steps for emergency management?
1. As discussed, readiness is key to dealing with emergen-cies. This includes anticipating what, where and when problems are most likely to occur, then devising plans to handle those situations. Identifying hazards can assist you in preventing problems or in better preparing to deal with those that do occur.
2. If faced with an emergency, the first step is to assess the situation.
a. Follow the stop, breathe, think then act protocol. Stop and look at the situation — who is involved, where is it happening, what do you have available to assist you? Then, think about the best solution and get ready to act on your plan.
b. Because every emergency is unique — you must be flexible and adapt to changing factors.
Rescue 3–
Managing an Emergency
●What roles can a Rescue Diver play at an accident scene?
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▲Skilled rescue assistant
✔Identification, prevention and preparation
▲Assess the situation
✔Consider victim, location and resources
✔Flexibility is key
3. The next step is to act on your plan.
a. If you assume the role of emergency manager, then you need to take charge and quickly imple-ment a plan of action.
b. If you are assisting a more qualified diver, carry out tasks as appropriate.
4. There are many tasks that do not require your per-sonal attention. If possible, assign tasks or delegate responsibilities to other divers or bystanders as ap-propriate. Assignments may include:
a. Calling for help
b. Assisting other rescuers
c. Observing the victim or directing inwater rescuers d. Notetaking
e. Accounting for all those not involved in rescue f. Controlling bystanders
5. Attending to injuries is the next step after the patient is out of the water.
a. As discussed, first aid begins with a primary assessment and continues with a secondary as-sessment if no life-threatening conditions are discovered.
b. In more serious accidents, you may need to pro-vide Basic Life Support (BLS) and other primary care until relieved by medical personnel.
6. If sufficient help is available, a rescue diver’s best role may be to coordinate activities or administrate.
This may include:
a. Providing evacuation personnel with appropriate information regarding the patient and accident.
The Diving Accident Management Work Slate was designed for this purpose.
b. Obtaining contact information from all those involved in the rescue or who witnessed the acci-dent.
c. Make arrangements to contact patient’s family.
d. Submit an incident report to local authorities, if appropriate.
✔Assist more qualified diver or take control
▲ Assign tasks – delegate
✔Call for help, rescuers, observers, notetaker, account for other divers and control bystanders, etc.
Rescue 3–
Managing an Emergency
●Basic steps...
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▲Attend to patient
✔Conduct primary and secondary assessments
Circle of Care
✔Provide BLS and first aid
▲Administrate — control the scene
✔Coordinate activities and provide information to emergency services personnel
7. You may need to arrange for evacuation of the patient in more serious dive accidents.
a. Even if you suspect that a patient will need hyper-baric treatment, it’s important to transport the diver to the closest medical facility. Dive accident patients require medical stabilization and support prior to and during chamber treatment.
b. If necessary, provide information about dive accident care so that medical personnel under-stand the nature of the injury/illness and require-ments for care.
8. There are special procedures that must be followed when a helicopter evacuation is involved. [Have student divers follow along in their PADI Rescue Diver Manuals as you review these procedures]
a. Direct communication between ground and heli-copter is necessary.
b. The helicopter pilot will direct boat/ground per-sonnel regarding direction, speed, clearing, etc.
c. Remove and secure objects that may interfere with helicopter.
d. Prepare patient as directed - with personal floata-tion device, oxygen unit, etc.
e. Do not touch or grab line/basket from helicopter until it touches the ground.
f. Load the patient quickly.
g. Never approach a helicopter from the rear. Al-ways wait for directions from the helicopter pilot/
crew.
Summary
[Answer student diver questions. Review Knowledge Review (if you haven’t already done so.) Assign independent study for next session.]
Rescue 3–
Review Knowledge Review Summary
Module Three
●Readiness
●Managing an Emergency
1 0 Rescue 3–
Managing an Emergency
●Basic steps...
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▲Arrange for evacuation
✔Transport to nearest medical facility
✔If necessary, provide information about dive accident scene
▲Special procedures for helicopter evacuation