4. RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS
4.2 OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LA RELACIÓN MOLAR ALCOHOL ACEITE Y % DE
Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings
2. Promote the adoption of humanitarian law and other relevant treaties towards armed or security forces, police or non-State armed groups.
3. Inform the civilian population about humanitari- an law and other relevant treaties. Link this with other activities for sexual violence information dis- semination as described in Action Sheet 10.1, Inform community about sexual violence and serv- ices available.
4. Inform public officials of various ministries, political leaders, and decision-makers about humani- tarian law and other relevant treaties, including the rules regarding sexual violence.
5. Inform law enforcement authorities that: • rape, forced prostitution, sexual violence, and
other forms of gender-based violence are war crimes, whether committed in international or internal armed conflict;
• they are required to act whenever gender-based violence occurs, just as they do when any other crime occurs within their jurisdiction;
• when it comes to arresting women, they (women) should be dealt with and supervised by female law-enforcement officials and when detained, kept separated from men;
• they must respect at all time the rights and dig- nity of female survivors/victims of crime and female perpetrators;
• they must treat survivors/victims of sexual vio- lence with compassion and respect for their dignity, and be aware that they may require pro- tection of their privacy and safety and that of their family, against intimidation and retaliation; • they must inform the survivors/victims about
the proceedings and access to the justice system.
6. Preparations for peace support operations must include a refresher course in IHL and in particular on the prohibitions of rape and other forms of sex- ual violence. (See related Action Sheets 4.3,
Implement confidential complaints mechanisms and
4.4, Implement SEA focal group network.)
Key Reference Materials
1. To serve and to protect. This manual describes the rules of human rights and humanitarian law relevant to professional law enforcement practice in situa- tions ranging from peace to international armedconflict.
http://www.gva.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/ht mlall/p0698/$File/ICRC_002_0698.PDF!Open 2. The law of armed conflict. Teaching file.
http://www.gva.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwp List571/2437B7A5BFC8EE31C1256D5C00393846 3. Addressing the Needs of Women Affected by Armed Conflict: An ICRC Guidance Document.
http://www.gva.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iw pList138/888F718CF7575CB4C1256E4B004D0576 4. Secretary-General’s Bulletin: Observance by United Nations Forces of International Humanitarian Law, ST/SGB/1999/13, 6 August 1999.
www.un.org/peace/st_sgb_1999_13.pdf
5. The Special Needs of Women and Children in and after Conflict: a Training Programme for Civilian Personnel in UN Peacekeeping Operations.
http://www.unitar.org/wcc/
Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings
Background
Prevention of sexual violence must include action specifically targeting arms bearers and
security/police forces. Throughout history and up to the present, sexual violence during armed con- flict is often perpetrated or condoned by combat- ants. During armed conflict as well as in peacetime, police and security forces have a responsibility to enforce laws and protect communities from sexual violence.
International humanitarian law (IHL) — principally the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols — is the body of law which protects those who are not — or are no longer — taking an active part in hostilities, and regulates the means and methods of warfare. IHL is applicable in inter- national and internal armed conflicts and is binding on both states and armed opposition groups. It is also binding on troops participating in multinational peace-support operations if they take part in the hostilities.*Sexual violence is expressly prohibit- ed in international humanitarian law.**
International human rights law (“human rights”) is tailored primarily for peacetime and applies to everyone. The principal goal of human rights is to protect individuals from arbitrary behaviour by their own governments.
International humanitarian law and international human rights law are complementary. Both strive to protect the lives, health, and dignity of individuals, each from different angles. Humanitarian law applies in situations of armed conflict, whereas
human rights (or at least some of them) protect the individual at all times, in war and peace alike. The aim of disseminating IHL is to influence those who are, or could be, involved in a conflict or armed violence to adopt behaviour respectful of the law.
When acting in a law-enforcement function, police, security forces, and sometimes also the military must serve the community by protecting people against illegal acts — including sexual violence — and must therefore know, understand, respect,
and apply the international human rights and humanitarian law which are relevant to their
practice.
The main objective of all IHL dissemination activi- ties is to prevent violations. In other words, IHL promotion policies are expected to have a real impact on the behaviour of the combatant. Preventing sexual violence perpetrated by combat- ants must concentrate on three steps:
• Getting the prohibitions of rape and other forms of sexual violence included into the legal systems of the different forces, or the internal regulations of non-State armed groups • Implementation through doctrine or proce-
dure, education, and training (or their equiva- lents) so that arms bearers receive strict orders regarding their conduct in this respect
• Effective sanctions in case of violations
Key Actions
The following actions apply to the protection sec- tor, that is, organisations implementing protection programmes. The protection sector focal point (see
Action Sheet 3.3, Advocate for compliance and implementation of international instruments) reports to the GBV working group on the achieve- ment of the key actions.
1. Inform the highest levels of command, including the political, that they are responsible to ensure that there are legal provisions translated into respectful and clear instructions incorporating the prohibition of sexual violence.
ACTION SHEET
10.2
Disseminate information on IHL to arms bearers
Function: Information Education Communication
Phase:
Minimum Prevention and Response
* The Secretary-General’s Bulletin (ST/SGB/ /1999/13, 6 August 1999) on the observance by United Nations forces and observers of humanitarian law is also significant, imposing a duty on the United Nations to ensure that members of United Nations forces and military observers are “fully acquainted” with the relevant principles and rules.
** For example, common article 3 to the four Geneva Conventions, Article 27, Geneva Convention IV, Articles 75, 76 and 77 (1) Additional Protocol I, Article 4 (2) Additional Protocol II, and is encompassed in “wilfully causing great suf- fering or serious injury to body or health” in article 147, Geneva Convention IV.
Annexes
page 81
Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings
page 80
Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings Guidelines for Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings