CAPÍTULO 2 LA MEDIACIÓN PENAL
2.1 Origen de la Mediación y su aplicación en el Derecho.
In addition to the many other feature improvements found in Windows Server 2008, Microsoft has endeavored to improve the basic communications infrastructure in Windows to further support a worldwide communications marketplace. The most important new features in this category include:
• IPv6 A full integration of the new version 6 protocol for TCP/IP.
• Refined TCP/IP A full reworking of the Windows TCP/IP stack to increase the throughput that Ethernet networks provide with this protocol.
CAUTION
CAUTION
Only routers and switches that fully support all of the Internet standards outlined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) will be able to function with the refined TCP/IP protocol. Ensure that your network devices are fully IETF-compliant before implementing this feature.• Domain Name System (DNS) New improvements in the Windows DNS service provide support for all of the new networking features in Windows Server 2008.
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Feature IPV6Description: IPv6 is the long-term replacement for IPv4. IPv6 offers a significantly larger number of addresses than IPv4 and will be used going forward as a complete replacement of the older protocol. Emerging nations will focus on IPv6, as most IPv4 public addresses have already been assigned throughout the world.
Category: Networking Infrastructure
Feature: New ✓ Improvement Update Replacement
Feature Source: WS08 ✓ Vista WS03 R2 WS03 Service Packs
Installation: ✓ By Default Add-on through Server Manager Custom
Applies to: ✓ Small ✓ Medium ✓ Large Organizations
Replaced Feature
• Will eventually completely replace IPv4
Benefits
• Vast number of additional addresses.
• Includes several built-in functionalities that were previously add-ons to IPv4.
• Each connection has a private address that is unique in the world.
Functions
• Installed and enabled by default.
• Includes the ability to operate with Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) which is a transition technology that allows IPv6 to interact with IPv4.
• Many applications in WS08 directly support IPv6. Relies on Teredo for applications that are not IPv6 enabled.
• Includes Teredo, a transition technology that allows IPv6 and IPv4 connections that are separated by network address translations (NAT) to use end to end communications with IPv6 addresses.
• Teredo now functions with domain member computers as well as domain controllers. It was disabled by default in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 when a computer became member of a domain.
• Teredo is not enabled by default and must be activated for networks that do not provide complete IPv6 support.
• Includes Multicast Listener Discovery version 2 (MDLv2) for source-specific multicast traffic. Corresponds to Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) version 3 in IPv4.
• Local Linking Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) lets IPv6 systems located on a single subnet but without a DNS server to resolve each other’s names. This is useful for ad hoc networks.
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 6 client lets Windows Server 2008 systems obtain dynamic IPv6 addresses.
Feature Refined TCP/IP
Description: Includes the ‘Next Generation TCP/IP’ stack which is a complete redesign of the TCP/IP functionality in Windows.
Category: Networking Infrastructure
Feature: New ✓ Improvement Update Replacement
Feature Source: WS08 ✓ Vista WS03 R2 WS03 Service Packs
Installation: ✓ By Default Add-on Through Server Manager Custom
Applies to: ✓ Small ✓ Medium ✓ Large Organizations
Replaced Feature
• All TCP/IP stacks from previous versions of Windows
Benefits
• Vastly improved networking speeds.
• Complete interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6.
• Compliant with all IETF standards.
Functions
• Receive Window Auto-Tuning Automatically adjusts the receive window size or the maximum amount a host can receive through a TCP/IP connection to improve reception speed.
• Compound TCP Automatically adjusts or increases the amount of data sent over a TCP connection based on a calculation of the bandwidth versus the sensed delay on the connection.
• Throughput Optimization In environments where there is high loss through the use of new algorithms.
• Neighbor Unreachability Detection Is automatic in IPv6. The new TCP/IP stack adds this functionality to IPv4.
• Dead Gateway Detection Is now constant. Connections are automatically redirected as soon as the dead gateway is up again.
• PTMU Black Hole Router Detection Allows TCP/IP to identify path maximum transmission unit (PTMU) routers or intermediate routers that drop either Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) or messages that cannot be fragmented so that messages are no longer terminated because of firewall rules in routers.
• Routing Compartments Are interfaces that include a logon session. Using compartments, TCP/IP can prevent unwanted forwarding or packets between interfaces such as VPN, Terminal Services, or multiuser logon configurations.
• Network Diagnostics Framework Now supports intuitive prompting, and even automatic correction, when network issues are detected to help administrators more easily correct the problem on their own. When the problem is one that cannot be solved automatically or manually, guidance with specific details about the problem is displayed.
• Extended Statistics (ESTATS) Support Allows TCP/IP to provide additional extended statistics on network transfers.
• Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) Provides a new architecture for linking third-party hooks into IP filtering.
• IPv6 enhancements Are also included in this new stack, providing comprehensive support for this next-version protocol.
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Feature Domain Name System (DNS)
Description: The DNS service has been improved to work with new Active Directory features as well as IPv6.
Category: Networking Infrastructure
Feature: New Improvement ✓ Update Replacement
Feature Source: WS08 ✓ Vista WS03 R2 WS03 Service Packs
Installation: ✓ By Default Add-on Through Server Manager Custom
Applies to: ✓ Small ✓ Medium ✓ Large Organizations
Replaced Feature
• DNS from previous versions of Windows Server
Benefits
• Support for IPv6.
• Compliant with all IETF standards.
• Complete integration with Active Directory.
Functions
• Background zone loading allows DNS to start more rapidly when loading very large zones from the ADDS database.
• Support for IPv6 addresses lets DNS store addresses that are 128 bits long, compared to the IPv4 addresses, which were only 32-bit.
• New Primary Read-Only Zones (PROZ) lets DNS support the read-only DC (RODC) ADDS server role.
• New GlobalNames Zones (GBZs), which are, by default, replicated to the entire Active Directory forest. Provides support for single-label names similar to the NetBIOS names supported by the Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS). GBZs can now be used to completely replace WINS servers and remove this role from the network.