Para el tratamiento de desórdenes neuromusculares

Data analysis will be conducted in a manner consistent with the collection procedures and the type of data collected. Saunders et al. (2009) present different procedures for analysing qualitative and quantitative data. This research was conducted using mixed methods; therefore both qualitative and quantitative data was collected in the process. This section provides an overview of the analysis procedures undertaken in the conduct of this research.

3.9.1 Qualitative Data Analysis

Saunders et al. (2009) indicate that qualitative data is based on expressing meaning through words resulting in non- standardised data to be developed into categories and that the data must be analysed through conceptualisation. Saunders et al. (2009) indicate that data from semi-structured interviews falls under the qualitative category and requires a qualitative analysis of the same. ‘Content Analysis’ and ‘Thematic Analysis’ are two common methods of analysing textual data. Content analysis is a qualitative method of analysing raw data as is thematic analysis, however thematic analysis only considers the qualitative nature of the data whereas content analysis generally results in quantifying the data by counting the frequency of the emergent themes and codes (Vaismoradi et al., 2013). At the core of both content and thematic analysis, data is arranged into themes or codes by categorising raw text under meaningful labels or codes. While content analysis considers the frequency of the occurrence of codes to describe the data, thematic analysis interprets the data by analysing the meaning of the codes within that context (Marks and Yardley, 2004). The data collected in this research from the semi-structured interview stage will be analysed using the qualitative technique of thematic analysis and content analysis by creating codes and labels. Since not all superintendents interviewed may

Chapter 3 – Research Design & Methodology

describe a certain scenario or phenomenon in the course of an interview, thematic analysis is more appropriate in the context of this research. The number of times a certain phenomenon is described by the interviewees is important in describing the importance of a phenomenon by the interviewees and will also be considered in the context of this research, along the lines of content analysis. However, it possible that only one or two interviewees may suggest a use for the proposed framework which may be significant when the framework is put up for validation, therefore justifying the use of thematic analysis. On the other hand, if a theme/issue is found to have been reiterated several times by the interviewees, it would convey the importance of the theme/issue and must be carefully considered in interpreting the data. Therefore quantitative content analysis will also be used to identify repeating themes in the interview data. The results of the thematic and content analysis will be used in formulating the framework for combining RFID with BIM.

The process of coding the data itself is further categorised by Saunders et al. (2009) as ‘Deductive Coding’ and ‘Inductive Coding’. These are closely associated with content analysis as well as thematic analysis and one method is chosen prior to starting the coding process (Bernard and Bernard, 2012; Braun and Clarke, 2006). In using deductive coding, the codes may be pre-selected prior to beginning the coding process (Ayers, 2007). Inductive coding, on the other hand, relies on the data to develop codes and is often associated with ‘Grounded Theory’ (Bernard and Bernard, 2012). In qualitative studies starting with an inductive approach, data is often coded using inductive approach (Ayers, 2007). Therefore an inductive approach will be used in the coding of the data as it corresponds with a qualitative study and also because an inductive approach was chosen for the overall study.

Each interview will be recorded in digital audio and will be later transcribed for analysis purposes. Care will be taken to ensure that all the recorded interviews are transcribed verbatim without any bias. Each interview will be read and answers to questions from interviewees will be grouped for further analysis. Codes will be created using the ‘Open Coding’ mechanism suggested by DeCuir-Gunby et al. (2011). Open coding is the

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conducted to organise, categorise, quantify and identify relationships within the codes. The codes will then be carefully examined from a content analysis point of view as well as a thematic analysis point of view. Data saturation observations as well as codes/labels that are directly related to safety monitoring using RFID and BIM will be used to create a conceptual framework for combining RFID and BIM technologies to monitor construction safety.

3.9.2 Quantitative Data Analysis

Saunders et al. (2009) indicate that quantitative data is aims to derive meanings from numbers, resulting from numerical and standardised data and that the data must be analysed through diagrams and statistics. The Likert data collected from the Internet survey will be used as the basis for conducting quantitative analysis in this research. The Likert data will be primarily analysed using quantitative methods, however since the survey data will also include open-ended questions, qualitative analysis will also be performed and to serve as supporting/refuting supplementary arguments for the quantitative analysis. The analysis from the Internet survey is expected to allow for the validation and/or modification of the conceptual framework, which, in turn, will be created from the qualitative analysis of the interview data.

Saunders et al. (2009) suggest that numerical data from surveys can be analysed using ‘Descriptive’ or ‘Inferential’ statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the central tendency of the data as well as describe the dispersion of the data from the central tendency (Hinton, 2004). Central tendency itself is an examination of considering the values that can provide a general impression of the data (Saunders et al., 2009). Inferential statistics, on the other hand, look at the data beyond the central tendency and are used to examine relationships, differences and trends within the numerical data. Inferential statistics allow the data to be tested for strength and significance of relationships between variables (Saunders et al., 2009). Bernard and Bernard (2012, p. 551) present that “Descriptive Analysis is about the data you have in hand. Inferential analysis involves making statements – inferences – about the world beyond the data you have in hand.”

Chapter 3 – Research Design & Methodology

The quantitative analysis from the Internet survey for this research is aimed at validating the conceptual framework that will be created from the results of conducting qualitative analysis on interview data. The conceptual framework is expected to be validated/modified/refined from the data in the Internet survey. The mixed method research methodology is chosen for this research so that the quantitative data could be used to validate the conclusions made from the qualitative data. Hence, descriptive statistics are proposed for interpreting the results for the Internet survey data. Descriptive statistics provided a measure of how construction professionals viewed the proposed framework for combining RFID and BIM technologies to monitor construction site safety.