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b) El surgimiento de una nueva cuestión social Las sociedades capitalistas, en su etapa industrial, tuvieron un particular conflicto de clases que dio lugar al

3. El paradigma crítico y la regresividad del modelo económico

11.7.1 Casing Requirements

Cables must be protected with ducts, conduits or concrete slabs of a design which is acceptable to the Ministry in situations where, in the Ministry's view, the lines are vulnerable because of their location or depth of bury.

The following are examples of conditions where casings of this sort may be required:

y For crossings of freeways, expressways, and other controlled-access highways and

Table 11.6 - 1 Minimum Depth of Bury

for Underground Cable and Related Facilities

Type of Utility Under Pavement and Shoulders

Under Design Ditch Inverts

Elsewhere in the right-of-way Electric power cable 1.2 m 1.0 m 1.0 m Fibre optics cable 1.2 m 0.75 m 0.75 m Other telecommunications

cable

Subject: 11.0 Underground Power and Communications Lines

Revised: December, 1994 Page 11.0 - 8

in other situations where trenched construction is not permitted;

y To provide protection from external loads or shock, either during or after construction of the highway; and,

y In the vicinity of bridge footings, pole footings or pedestals, and other highway structures.

Where future highway requirements or limited right-of-way width leave limited space for utilities, the Ministry may require cable owners to install additional duct capacity to accommodate other users.

11.7.2 Length of Casings

Where ducts or conduits are used for road crossings, they must extend at least 3 metres beyond the toe of fills, the back of the ditch line, or the outside of curbs unless the utility owner demonstrates that a shorter length is consistent with site conditions.

11.8 Appurtenances

11.8.1 Above-ground Markers

Above-ground markers are required in rural locations (generally where there is open drainage along the highway) for electric power cable and fibre optic cable.

Where required, markers must be placed at both ends of crossings at the right-of-way edge and at 200-metre intervals for

installations that run parallel to the centreline of the highway.

Standard markers which have been approved by the District Highways Manager must be used. The following information must appear on the marker: warning notice; the type of installation; name of the operating company; and an emergency telephone response number.

11.8.2 Underground Markers

An underground marker must be installed with any fibre optic cable which does not include a metallic tracer line. The marker must make it possible to locate the line with a readily available electronic device. Metallic tape of 12-gauge copper wire may be used for this purpose.

Where electric power cable, fibre optic cable or a conduit is installed by ploughing or trenching, a plastic warning tape must be spread above the cable at a suitable depth below ground surface. The warning tape used by the applicant must be of a type, width, durability, and colour which is commonly used in the industry.

11.8.3 Manholes

Manholes which are located within the Clear Zone as defined in Section 5.3 must be at ground level or be designed in such a way that they do not create an obstacle. In all rural areas and in urban areas with posted speeds above 60 km/h, manholes

Subject: 11.0 Underground Power and Communications Lines

Revised: December, 1994 Page 11.0 - 9

must not be located in the pavement, on shoulders, or in medians.

Exceptions may be made for future installations where:

y Manholes are essential;

y Manholes are not located under wheel paths; and,

y There are two or more lanes in each direction.

In urban areas with posted speeds of 60 km/h or less, manholes may be located in the pavement provided they are not in the wheel path and there are two or more lanes in each direction.

11.8.4 Pedestals

Pedestals or other above-ground appurtenances installed as part of buried cable facility must be located: immediately inside the right-of-way boundary; well outside highway maintenance areas; and outside of the Clear Zone as defined in Section 5.3

11.9 Cable Installations on

Bridges and Other

Structures

Standards for cable installations on bridges and other structures are set out in Section 14.

Utility Manual

Subject: 12.0 Wireless Communication May, 1998 Page 12.0 - 1 Definitions Policy Background to Policy Procedures

12.1 Locations on Right-of-Way Lands 12.2 Locations on Ministry Structures 12.3 Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields

12.4 Master Use (Operating) Agreement Required 12.5 Site Permit

12.5.1 Site Permits

12.5.2 Site Permit Review Process 12.5.3 Site Permit Application Checklist 12.5.4 Site Permit Referrals

12.5.5 Site Permit Numbering 12.5.6 Shared Structures

12.6 Wireless Communications Site Fee 12.6.1 Fee Criteria

12.6.2 Fee Calculation 12.6.3 Fee Payment 12.7 Exceptions to this Policy

12.7.1 BCBC Agreement Standards

12.8 Landscape and Aesthetic Design Requirements 12.9 Roadside Locations

12.10 Non-Highway Sites

12.11 Structures: Bridges and Poles (signs and lighting) 12.11.1 General

12.11.2 Installation on Bridge Structures 12.11.3 Installation on Sign Structures 12.11.4 Installation on Lighting Poles

Subject: 12.0 Wireless Communication

May, 1998 Page 12.0 - 2

Definitions

The following definitions apply throughout this section.

Equipment means the transmission and reception antennas, apparatus, fixtures, conduits, attachments, cables, wires, shelters, cabinets, and other appurtenances and structures comprising the Wireless Communications Facility.

Fee means that annual amount payable by the Company as calculated in accordance with the terms set out in the schedule of fees in the Master Use (Operating) Agreement. • Ministry Structure means, but is not limited to, buildings, bridges, towers, tunnels, sign

and lighting structures or video poles.

Right-of-Way Lands means portions of the highways under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transportation and Highways excluding the travelled portions and includes Ministry structures situated thereon.

Sites means the portions of the Right-of-Way Lands and the Ministry Structures that may be designated from time to time as locations for a Wireless Communications Facility and is set out on the plans appended to the Site Permits and Site means any one of such Sites. For the purpose of this section, a site could consist of a tower or structure used to mount antennas, with or without related equipment located at ground level adjacent to the structure. A site may also be a structure where several antennas are located in various locations on or in structure but are all connected to one central equipment cabinet or shelter. Where a Ministry structure is used as a Site, the structure will be deemed to be a separate Site for each wireless communications company regardless of the configuration of equipment.

Site Activities means the activities of the Company on the Sites related to the installation, maintenance and operation of the Wireless Communications Facility, including the

installation, construction, repair, replacement, relocation, maintenance, operation, dismantling and removal and restoration of the Wireless Communications Facility. • Site Permit means the instrument, setting out the grant of the non exclusive licence of

use and occupation of the site and incorporating the terms and conditions of the Master Use (Operating) Agreement.

Subject: 12.0 Wireless Communication

May, 1998 Page 12.0 - 3

Wireless Communications Facility means the configuration of Equipment installed, maintained and operated at the Site for the purpose of providing wireless communications services.