BLOC I: FONAMENTACIÓ TEÒRICA
3.2 Participació de les Funcions Executives en la motricitat
Asturias Attiki (GR)
Balearic Islands
Canary Islands Cantabria
Castilla la Mancha Castilla y Leon
Catalonia
Extremadura Galicia Kriti (GR)
Lombardy (IT) Madrid
Murcia
Navarra
Pais Vasco Rioja
Sicily (IT)
St. Ellada (GR)
Toscany (IT)
Valencia
Veneto (IT)
Andalucia
Thessalia (GR) 0
5
10
15
20
25
10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
GDP per capita (EUR), 2003 MCA Rank (all indicators included)
Figure 5: Non-Compensatory Multi-Criteria Aggregation (MCA) of Indicators v. GDP per capita
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
For Peer Review Only
Annex
EVALUATION MATRIX WITH INDICATOR SCORES, DATA SOURCES AND YEAR
Dimension: Environment Agricultural area1 Forest area2 Distances driven by trucks3 Municipal waste collected4 Forest area affected by fires5 Non-differentiated urban waste6 Differentiated urban waste7 Cement (consumption &sales)8 Abstraction of total fresh water by public water supply9 Investments in waste water collection and treatment facilities10 Population affected by diseases of the respiratory system11
Direction of indicator (*) 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
Galicia 30.15 59.69 1,412,161 1,568 0.55 191.9 5.6 1,031 12.652 33.185 185.5
Asturias 32.62 42.13 888,031 626 1.16 0.5 23.7 822 11.225 NaN 207.4
Cantabria 38.92 53.17 733,166 225 1.48 117.3 15.2 930 14.013 NaN 155.9
Pais Vasco 33.51 53.88 2,798,799 1,014 0.11 4.6 40.4 654 26.967 111.502 135.3
Navarra 59.64 29.89 682,716 329 0.00 1.2 20.8 1,239 11.779 36.918 130.7
Rioja 54.37 27.79 421,038 150 0.01 3.1 17.3 1,362 14.024 36.111 144.6
Aragón 50.67 27.73 1,966,061 786 0.01 38.6 17.2 1,013 14.560 8.016 160.8
Madrid 43.12 24.28 1,456,527 2,875 0.01 0.5 13.9 700 9.061 42.291 122.1
Castilla y Leon 54.42 28.77 6,112,246 1,064 0.25 117.7 10.8 1,231 11.218 4.511 169.4 Castilla la Mancha 59.55 25.51 3,111,736 829 0.01 167.3 6.3 1,115 10.406 16.383 166.7
Extremadura 53.64 38.38 998,282 531 0.06 31.1 3.9 1,050 12.315 NaN 154.1
Catalonia 36.86 44.06 8,556,978 3,652 0.05 1.3 23.7 1,003 8.058 1.127 136.6
Valencia 35.67 48.05 5,009,795 2,458 0.03 219.7 10.7 1,449 9.259 26.924 148.5 Balearic Islands 45.57 32.72 21,879 690 0.02 186.9 16.2 812 12.187 153.311 114.0 Andalucia 55.09 29.35 4,578,740 5,031 0.08 21.2 8.0 1,324 9.343 46.209 125.6
Murcia 55.54 24.33 679,370 635 0.02 122.1 10.6 1,794 7.523 157.105 134.9
Canary Islands 11.01 20.41 31,247 1,271 0.14 156.7 5.3 1,201 4.663 45.550 82.5 Sources: (A) Eurostat- General and Regional Statistics – Regions, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
(B) Instituto de Estadística, Com. de Madrid, http://www.madrid.org/iestadis/fijas/otros/estructu.htm
(*) Direction of indicator: 1 indicates that higher values are desirable, -1 indicates the opposite
1,2 Area calculated over total land area (%). Eurostat, most recent data: 2002 (GR), 2003 (ES), 2004 (IT).
3 Total number of km driven within each region by all trucks, including intra-regional trips (1000 km/day). Eurostat, most recent data: varying.
4 Total amount of municipal waste collected by or on behalf of municipalities (1000 t/capita). Eurostat, most recent data:
1998 (GR, IT), 2000 (ES).
5 Forest area affected by fires over total forest area (%). Instituto de Estadística, most recent data: 1997.
6 Non differentiated urban waste (kg per capita). Instituto de Estadística, most recent data: 1998
7 Differentiated urban waste in the form of glass, paper, other (kg per capita). Instituto de Estadística, most recent data: 1998 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
For Peer Review Only
8 Consumption and sales of cement (kg per capita). Instituto de Estadística, most recent data: 2005
9 Abstraction of total fresh water (ground+surface) by public supply (mio m³/yr per 100,000 inhabitants). Eurostat, most recent data: 1998
10 Total investments in waste water collection and treatment facilities (public + private sectors) (Mio € per 100,000 inhabitants). Eurostat, most recent data: 1998
11 Diseases include those of the respiratory system (J00-J99) and chronic lower respiratory diseases (J40-J47) (per 100.000 inhabitants). Eurostat, most recent data: varying
Dimension: Society Aging population1 Infant mortality rate2 Population density3 Crude birth rate4 Number of hospital beds5 Number of physicians /doctors6 Population affected by mental and behavioural disorders7 Population affected by alcoholic abuse8 Participation in General Elections9 Population in prison10
Direction of indicator (*) -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1
Galicia 21.13 4.2 91.4 7.6 358.8 262.9 32.4 1.3 69.48 164
Principado de Asturias 21.89 3.4 100.0 6.8 376.2 387.0 48.3 1.3 69.33 122
Cantabria 18.99 2.1 101.9 9.2 388.1 222.6 30.0 0.2 73.32 134
Pais Vasco 18.18 3.1 289.1 9.3 389.5 368.7 33.5 0.2 64.48 63
Comunidad Foral de Navarra 17.86 4.0 54.7 10.9 406.0 548.7 21.6 0.9 67.60 28
La Rioja 19.09 3.8 56.5 10.1 320.9 390.2 24.0 0.4 75.43 142
Aragón 21.15 6.0 25.6 9.3 417.7 485.2 38.8 0.2 72.19 196
Comunidad de Madrid 14.51 4.1 702.5 12.0 335.7 322.5 19.4 0.4 73.33 133
Castilla y León 22.62 4.0 26.1 7.7 421.5 362.2 28.2 0.9 74.37 258
Castilla-la Mancha 19.40 4.0 22.7 10.1 278.5 201.1 30.9 1.1 77.01 115
Extremadura 19.01 4.9 25.6 9.3 366.4 397.1 18.2 1.3 76.67 105
Cataluña 17.12 3.5 204.4 11.5 466.4 317.0 46.7 0.6 64.73 124
Comunidad Valenciana 16.17 3.5 186.7 11.0 272.3 319.8 26.7 0.6 73.38 131
Illes Balears 14.09 4.7 184.1 11.4 399.2 274.0 23.8 NaN 61.91 149
Andalucia 14.63 5.0 85.6 11.7 281.9 329.0 17.6 0.7 69.76 165
Región de Murcia 14.15 6.8 110.4 13.0 318.3 438.2 22.0 0.7 74.48 67
Canarias (ES) 11.91 6.4 247.6 10.2 448.1 282.0 18.1 0.9 61.64 159
Sources: (A) Eurostat, Database: REGIO, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
(B) Instituto de Estadística, Com. de Madrid, http://www.madrid.org/iestadis/fijas/otros/estructu.htm
(*) Direction of indicator: 1 indicates that higher values are desirable, -1 indicates the opposite
1 Population aged over 65y (% total population). Eurostat, most recent data: 2003
2 Infant mortality rate. Eurostat, most recent data: 2000
3 Population density. Eurostat, most recent data: 2003
4 Crude birth rate. Eurostat, most recent data: 2003
5 Number of hospital beds (per 100.000 inhabitants). Eurostat, most recent data: 2000 (GR), 2002 (ES, IT)
6 Number of physicians/doctors (per 100.000 inhabitants). Eurostat, most recent data: 2001 (GR), 2003 (ES, IT) 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
For Peer Review Only
7 Population affected by mental and behavioural disorders (crude death rate). Eurostat, most recent data: 2002 (GR, IT), 2003 (ES)
8 Population affected by alcoholic abuse, including alcoholic psychosis (crude death rate). Eurostat, most recent data: 2002 (GR, IT), 2003 (ES)
9 Participation in General Elections (%). Instituto de Estadística, most recent data: 2000
10 Population in prison (per 100.000 inhabitants). Instituto de Estadística, most recent data: 2004 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
For Peer Review Only
Dimension: Economy Employment1 Gross Domestic Product2 Households with minimum subsidy or no income3 Foreigners with tertiary education4 Life long learning5 Population employed in Hi- Tech6 Patent application to the EPO7 Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) 8
Direction of indicator (*) 1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1
Galicia 37.41 14,619 3.54 0.070 88.9 0.40 2.10 0.69
Principado de Asturias 36.41 15,843 1.24 0.055 22.6 0.37 6.08 0.68
Cantabria 41.45 17,986 3.68 0.075 8.0 0.42 8.12 0.55
Pais Vasco 46.71 23,028 6.08 0.096 80.5 0.44 19.05 1.34
Comunidad Foral de Navarra 52.07 23,481 2.21 0.159 12.6 0.45 35.03 1.03
La Rioja 47.47 20,464 1.16 0.197 3.2 0.45 23.76 0.46
Aragón 46.93 19,841 2.93 0.083 27.0 0.44 16.57 0.70
Comunidad de Madrid 49.21 24,584 2.51 0.193 122.5 0.48 17.17 1.73
Castilla y León 41.25 17,217 2.08 0.141 85.0 0.39 9.78 0.80
Castilla-la Mancha 39.18 14,513 2.57 0.067 45.5 0.39 5.13 0.32
Extremadura 34.00 12,173 3.64 0.050 18.4 0.34 2.91 0.59
Cataluña 48.50 22,415 2.58 0.129 109.4 0.47 35.06 1.11
Comunidad Valenciana 42.40 17,517 3.29 0.142 165.5 0.45 14.15 0.70
Illes Balears 46.06 21,290 1.83 0.137 29.4 0.49 5.69 0.23
Andalucia 34.66 14,135 5.29 0.153 183.4 0.36 6.86 0.61
Región de Murcia 39.32 15,694 3.44 0.068 39.3 0.43 7.11 0.64
Canarias (ES) 39.38 17,371 0.00 0.105 71.0 0.43 4.59 0.51
Sources: (A) Eurostat- General and Regional Statistics – Regions, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
(B) Instituto de Estadística, Com. de Madrid, http://www.madrid.org/iestadis/fijas/otros/estructu.htm
(*) Direction of indicator: 1 indicates that higher values are desirable, -1 indicates the opposite
1 Employment (% total active population). Eurostat, most recent data: 2003
2 GDP (€ per capita). Eurostat, most recent data: 2003
3 Households with minimum subsidy or with no income (% total). Instituto de Estadística, most recent data: 1998
4 Foreigners with tertiary education (% total population). Eurostat, most recent data: 2003
5 Life long learning. Eurostat, most recent data: 2004
6 Population employed in Hi-Tech (%). Eurostat, most recent data: 2004
7 Patent application to the EPO (per mio inhabitants). Eurostat, most recent data: 2003
8 Total intramural R&D expenditure – GERD (%GDP). Eurostat, most recent data: 2003 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
For Peer Review Only
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Thanks are due to the fBBVA foundation.References
Allen T.F.H., Tainter J.A., Hoekstra T.W. (2002) - Supply-side sustainability, Columbia University Press, New York.
Andreoni J., Levinson A. (2001) - The simple analytics of the environmental Kuznets curve, Journal of Public Economics, 80 (2), pp. 269-286.
Arrow K.J. (1963) - Social choice and individual values, 2d edition, Wiley, New York.
Arrow K.J., Raynaud H. (1986) - Social choice and multicriterion decision making, M.I.T.
Press, Cambridge.
Arrow K., Bolin B., Costanza R., Dasgupta P., Folke C., Holling C.S., Jansson B.-O., (...), Pimentel D. (1995) - Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment, Science, 268 (5210), pp. 520-521.
Barbier E.B., Markandya A. (1990) -The conditions for achieving environmentally sustainable growth, European Economic Review, 34, pp. 659-669.
Bouyssou D. (1986) – Some remarks on the notion of compensation in MCDM, European Journal of Operational Research, 26 pp. 150-160.
Bouyssou D., Vansnick J.C. (1986) – Noncompensatory and generalized noncompensatory preference structures, Theory and Decision, 21, pp. 251-266.
Brand D. A., Saisana M., Rynn L.A., Pennoni F., Lowenfels A.B. (2007) - Comparative Analysis of Alcohol Control Policies in 30 Countries, PLoS Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 4, e151, p. 0752-. 0759.
Charnes A., Cooper W.W. (1985) - Preface to Topics in Data Envelopment Analysis, Annals of Operations Research 2, 59-94.
Charnes A., Cooper W.W., Rhodes E. (1978) - Measuring the efficiency of decision making units, European Journal of Operations Research 2, 429-444.
Cherchye L., Moesen W., Rogge N., Van Puyenbroeck T., Saisana M., Saltelli A., Liska R., Tarantola S. (2008) - Creating Composite Indicators with Data Envelopment Analysis
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
For Peer Review Only
and Robustness Analysis: the case of the Technology Achievement Index, Journal of Operational Research Society, 59, 239-251.
Cherchye L., Moesen W. , Van Puyenbroeck T. (2004) - Legitimately diverse, yet comparable: On synthesising social inclusion performance in the EU. Journal of Common Market Studies 42, 919–955.
Condorcet Marquis de (1785) – Essai sur l’application de l’analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la probabilité des voix, De l’ Imprimerie Royale, Paris.
Daly H.E. (1977) - Steady-State economics, Freeman, San Francisco, CA.
Deacon R.T., Norman C.S. (2006) - Does the environmental Kuznets curve describe how individual countries behave?, Land Economics 82 (2), pp. 291-315
Faucheux S., O'Connor M. (eds.) (1998) - Valuation for sustainable development: Methods and policy indicators, Edward Elgar.
Giampietro M. (1994) - Using hierarchy theory to explore the concept of sustainable development. Futures 26 (6): 616-625.
Gibbs D. (2006) - Prospects for Environmental Economic Geography: Linking Ecological Modernization and Regulationist Approaches, Economic Geography, Vol. 82, No. 2, p.
193.
Journal of Economic and Social Measurement (2002) - Special Issue on Index Number Aggregation, Volume 28, Numbers 1-2.
Melyn W., Moesen W. (1991) - Towards a synthetic indicator of macroeconomic performance: Unequal weighting when limited information is available. Public Economics Research Paper 17, CES, KU Leuven.
Moulin H. (1988) - Axioms of co-operative decision making, Econometric Society Monographs, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Munda G. (1995) - Multicriteria evaluation in a fuzzy environment, Physica-Verlag, Contributions to Economics Series, Heidelberg.
Munda G. (2004) – “Social multi-criteria evaluation (SMCE)”: methodological foundations and operational consequences, European Journal of Operational Research Vol. 158, Issue 3: 662- 677.
Munda G. (2005) – Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Sustainable Development, in J.
Figueira, S. Greco and M. Ehrgott (eds.) –Multiple-criteria decision analysis. State of the
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
For Peer Review Only
art surveys, Springer International Series in Operations Research and Management Science, New York, pp. 953-986.
Munda G. (2008) – Social multi-criteria evaluation for a sustainable economy. Springer, Heidelberg, New York.
Munda G., Nardo M. (2005) – Constructing consistent composite indicators: the issue of weights, EUR 21834 EN, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra.
Munda, G. (2006) Social multi-criteria evaluation for urban sustainability policies. Land Use Policy Volume 23, Issue 1, January, Pages 86-94.
Munda G., Nardo M. (2009) – Non-compensatory/non-linear composite indicators for ranking countries: a defensible setting, Applied Economics Vol. 41, pp. 1513-1523.
Musu I., Siniscalco D. (1996) – National accounts and the environment, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Nardo M., Saisana M., Saltelli A., Tarantola S., Hoffman A., Giovannini E. (2005) – Handbook on constructing composite indicators: methodology and user guide, OECD Statistics Working Paper, Paris.
Nijkamp P. and Giaoutzi M. (1993) - Decision Support Models for Regional Sustainable Development, Avebury, Aldershot, 1993
Pearce D, Hamilton G., Atkinson G.D. (1996) – Measuring sustainable development:
progress on indicators, Environment and Development Economics, 1, pp. 85-101.
Plassmann, F., Khanna, N. (2006) - Preferences, technology, and the environment:
Understanding the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 88 (3), pp. 632-643.
Saisana M. (2008) 2007 Composite Learning Index: Robustness Issues and Critical Assessment, EUR 23274 EN, European Commission-JRC: Italy.
Saisana M., Tarantola S., Saltelli A. (2005) - Uncertainty and sensitivity techniques as tools for the analysis and validation of composite indicators. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A, 168(2), 307-323.
Saisana M., Tarantola S. (2002) - State-of-the-art report on current methodologies and practices for composite indicator development, EUR 20408 EN, European Commission-JRC: Italy.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
For Peer Review Only
Saltelli A., Chan K., Scott M. (2000) - Sensitivity analysis, Probability and Statistics series, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Saltelli A., Tarantola S., Campolongo F., Ratto, M. (2004) - Sensitivity Analysis in Practice.
A Guide to Assessing Scientific Models, John Wiley & Sons publishers, New York.
Saltelli A., Ratto M, Andres T., Campolongo F., Cariboni J., Gatelli D., Saisana M., Tarantola S. (2008) -Global sensitivity analysis. The Primer, John Wiley & Sons, England.
Wallis, A., Richards, A., O'Toole, K., Mitchell, B. (2007) - Measuring regional sustainability:
Lessons to be learned , International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 6 (2), pp. 193-207.
Veenhoven R. (1996) - Happy Life Expectancy: A comprehensive measure of quality-of life in nations. Social Indicators Research 39, 1–58.
Yahe G., Schlesinger M. (2002) – The economic geography of the impacts of climate change, Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 311-341.
Young H.P. (1988) – Condorcet’s theory of voting, American Political Science Review, Vol.
82, No. 4, pp. 1231-1244.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59