RECOMENDACIONES PARA EL MANEJO DEL PASTOREO*
7.3. PASOS SUGERIDOS PARA UNA ADECUADA PLANIFICACIÓN Y CONTROL DEL PASTOREO EN EL CAMPO
In brief, the current program of research indicates that elevating state anxiety can cause attention to be biased more towards threat once it has been fixated and thus, anxious mood states influence the maintenance of attention on threat over time. Once manipulating and controlling for state anxiety, the current research found no substantial effects of trait anxiety on ABT in a free viewing task that would indicate potential maladaptive attentional processes likely to contribute to the development and persistence of anxiety disorders. In other words, there was no support for the hypothesis that trait anxiety, or a trait vulnerability to anxiety disorders, is associated with a general preferences in orienting of attention towards threat-
related stimuli relative to neutral stimuli any more so than other people who are in a similar state of anxiety. Rather, maladaptive attentional processes associated with anxiety disorders are likely much more complex and may only occur in specific situations, such as when threat stimuli are task-irrelevant and interfere with a conflicting task/goal (e.g., Eyesenck et al., 2007). In order to understand what factors put someone at risk of developing and maintaining an anxiety disorder over time, state anxiety must be accounted for in future theory and
research design, while attempting to identify the conditions that contribute to trait anxiety related ABT. Once such maladaptive attentional processes are clearly identified, then more effective treatments can be developed to specifically target these central processes with the goal of ameliorating anxiety-related distress and disorders.
123
Appendix A
Test Stimuli for Study 1
Table 16. Study 1: Test Stimuli
Threat Neutral Harm Neutral
2683 7496 3010 4510 2811 2512 3064 4542 3500 2595 3100 4500 3530 2397 3140 4530 6212 8460 3170 2050 6242 2395 3181 2025 6312 2396 3301 2280 6313 4599 3550 2500 6315 4700 9250 2579 6350 2160 9252 4533 6510 2650 9410 8010 6560 4605 9415 2594 6570 6570.2 9420 2360 9423 2560 9635.1 9635.2
Appendix B
Test Stimuli for Study 2
Table 17. Study 2: Test Stimuli
Threat Neutral Harm Neutral Positive Neutral
2683 7496 3010 4510 2070 2250 2811 2512 3064 4542 2080 9070 3500 2595 3100 4500 2165 2214 3530 2397 3140 4530 2209 2480 6212 8460 3170 2050 2304 2271 6242 4100 3181 2025 2311 2312 6312 2396 3301 2280 2340 2383 6313 8050 3550 2500 2370 2570 6315 2485 9250 2579 2530 2850 6350 2372 9252 4533 2550 2516 6510 6250.2 9410 8010 7325 2840 6560 4605 9415 2594 8180 8160 6570 6570.2 9420 2495 8380 8060 9423 2560 9635.1 9635.2 8461 2870
Appendix C
Mood Induction Instructions
Before we begin the visual task I am going to ask you to get into a mood that makes you as [anxious or calm] as you feel comfortable. You can do this by thinking about an event in your life where you felt especially (same mood word). I know that this may not be the easiest thing to do, but it is very important for our research.
I've done this a few times myself so I'll tell you a few things about it. I found that since I was the one asking myself to become (same mood word) by thinking about events in my own life, I was very much in control of the mood. I could intensify, lessen, and later even end the mood quite easily by changing my thoughts.
I'll begin by turning on some music that people usually find helpful for getting into mood that makes them feel (same mood word). While you are listening to the music, please think about a particular event from your past where you were especially (same mood word). While you are listening to the music I'd like you to relive this event. When I did this, I thought about the time...(give a personal example). It is important to remember that the more detail you can re-create in your mind about the event, the more intensely you'll re-live that same feelings.
But I also want to reassure you that I will take time at the end of the session to make sure you are feeling normal again before you leave today. Remember that the goal is to feel as (same mood word) as possible for this short period of time. I know this may not be easy, but are you willing to try?
I'll leave you alone now with the music and your thoughts (dim room lighting). Please relax in the chair while you think about these events and put your feet up if you like. I'll be coming back in in a few minutes. Please try to stay focused on the events you are re-living. If you want to stop at any time, don't hesitate to tell me.
Appendix D
Test Stimuli for Study 3
Table 18. Study 3: Test Stimuli for Image Set 1 and 2 Image Set 1
High Threat Neutral Mild Threat Neutral Positive Neutral
2683 7496 1111 7080 1722 7320 2811 2512 1270 7950 1811 5510 3180 2830 1301 1510 2050 2240 3500 2595 2120 2230 2165 2214 3530 2397 2661 5520 2209 2480 6210 7110 2681 2410 2216 2320 6243 2215 3280 2280 2303 2487 6315 4700 4621 2570 2340 2383 6350 2500 6020 7235 2550 2516 6510 2221 6211 2518 4640 2510 6530 2515 6241 7090 5780 5740 6540 9700 6410 9210 5831 8465 6570.1 4536 6610 7035 5910 7590 6571 7030 6840 5455 8162 5395 6821 4617 9120 9360 8185 8280 6838 2580 9160 2600 8200 2490 9620 5390 9404 7620 8350 4571 9630 7170 9417 7150 8496 2520 9911 7234 9592 7050 8497 2270 9921 5410 9912 7140 8501 5720
Image Set 2
High Threat Neutral Mild Threat Neutral Positive Neutral
6212 8050 1051 1313 1710 5534 6230 5533 1200 1910 2070 2250 6242 2880 1220 1616 2080 9070 6260 7025 2100 2200 2304 2271 6300 7060 2130 2385 2391 7550 6312 2396 2682 2440 2530 5875 6313 4598 2691 2485 4641 7490 6360 2575 2692 5535 5621 7207 6370 8320 6190 7503 5626 7920 6550 7190 6200 7020 5830 7705 6560 2630 6244 2210 7325 2840 6830 2381 6561 8010 7330 5500 6834 2749 6800 7004 7580 5250 9520 1850 6940 7710 8170 5900 9560 1450 7361 7031 8190 7211 9600 7491 9230 2620 8210 8311 9800 2495 9470 7500 8370 7096 9810 7495 9584 7040 8380 8060 9910 7595 9594 7100 8461 2870 9920 7217 9621 7130 8531 7285
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