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Brazil

Proved recoverable reserves (bcm) 459.3

Production (bcm) 24.1

Consumption (bcm) 26.7

R/P ratio (years) 26.5

Brazil’s natural gas industry is still fairly new and relatively small compared to the oil sector. OGJ reported that Brazil had 14.7 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proved natural gas reserves in 2012. The Campos, Espírito Santo, and Santos Basins hold the majority of reserves, but there are sizable reserves also in the interior of the country. According to Petrobras, the Tupi field alone could contain 5-7 tcf of recoverable natural gas, which if proved, would increase Bra- zil’s total natural gas reserves by 50 %. The other major natural gas market is located in Brazil is Amazon region.

Natural gas production has grown slowly in recent years, mainly due to the lack of domestic transport capacity and low domestic prices. In 2010, Brazil produced 445 billion cubic feet (bcf) of natural gas – the majority of this was associated with oil production. Natural gas con- sumption is a small part of the country’s overall energy mix, accounting only for 7% of total energy consumption in 2010. The largest share of Brazil’s natural gas is produced in offshore fields in the Campos Basin in Rio de Janeiro state.

Most of the onshore production takes place in the Amazonas and Bahia states and is used locally due to the lack of transportation infrastructure.

Brazilian gas pipeline network stretches over 4 000 miles, mostly in the South-East and North-East of the country.

With natural gas imports of 445 bcf in 2010, a 50% increase from 2009, Brazil is a major importer of natural gas and demand for gas is growing quickly. Imports are transported by the pipeline from Bolivia and as liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Trinidad and Tobago, Qatar and Nigeria. The anticipated growth of imports is expected to be supplied with LNG rather than with pipelines. Bolivia is the main natural gas supplier to Brazil and its share accounts for 78% of total gas imports. Currently, the main supplies from Bolivia are transported via the GASBOL pipeline, which links Santa Cruz in Bolivia to Porto Alegre in Brazil, via Sao Paulo.

Brazil has two liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminals, both installed in the last two years: the Pecem terminal in the Northeast, and the Guanabara Bay terminal in the Southeast. Both facilities are floating regasification and storage units (FRSU), with a com- bined production capacity of 740 mcf per day. The Pecem received its first LNG cargo from Trinidad and Tobago in July 2008, while the Guanabara Bay terminal came online in May 2009. Petrobras plans to bring online a third terminal with a capacity of 495 mcf per day in Bahia state in 2013. State-owned Petrobras plays a dominant role in Brazil’s entire natu- ral gas supply chain. In addition to controlling the vast majority of the country’s natural gas reserves, the company is in charge of the main domestic Brazilian gas production and for gas imports from Bolivia.

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Brunei

Proved recoverable reserves (bcm) 390.8

Production (bcm) 11.8

Consumption (bcm) 2.9

R/P ratio (years) 33.1

Brunei is the third largest liquefied natural gas producer in Asia thanks to its strategic loca- tion close to the vital sea transport routes, through the South China Sea, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Natural gas was found in association with oil at the Seria and other fields. For many years this resource was

virtually unexploited, but in the 1960s a realisation of the resource potential, coupled with the introduction of new production and transport technologies for liquefied natural gas, made it possible to develop a major gas export project. Since 1972 Brunei has been exporting LNG to Japan, and more recently to Korea. Occasional spot market sales have been agreed and delivered to other destinations, too. About 70% of Brunei’s marketed production is exported as LNG, the balance being mostly used in the liquefaction plant, local power stations and offshore oil and gas installations. Small quantities are used for residential purposes in Seria and Kuala Belait.

Canada

Proved recoverable reserves (bcm) 1727.0

Production (bcm) 160.1

Consumption (bcm) 103.3

R/P ratio (years) 10.5

Canada is the world’s third-largest producer of dry natural gas and has for many years been the source of most US natural gas imports, before the recent shale gas revolution in the US market. Canada’s gas in place from both conventional and unconventional resources is esti- mated to be almost 113 200 bcm, (Petrel Robertson, 2010).

Despite holding a relatively small share of the world’s proved natural gas reserves, Canada is the fourth-largest exporter of natural gas, behind Russia, Norway, and Qatar. All of Canada’s current natural gas exports are sent to U.S. markets via pipeline. The proportion of Cana- da’s natural gas production that is devoted to meeting domestic requirements has risen in recent years, while net exports to the United States have fallen. Most of Canada›s natural gas reserves are conventional resources in the WSCB, including those associated with the region›s oilfields.

Other areas with significant concentrations of natural gas reserves include offshore fields near the eastern shore of Canada, principally around Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, the Arctic region, and the Pacific coast. EIA estimates that Canada produced 189.67 bcm of gross natural gas in 2010 of which 166.9 bcm was marketed; 152.8 bcm was dry natural gas), 20.44 bcm was reinjected, and 1.54 bcm was vented or flared.

Canada’s natural gas pipeline system is highly interconnected with the U.S. pipeline sys- tem. TransCanada operates the largest network of natural gas pipelines in North America, including thirteen major pipeline systems and approximately 37,000 miles of gas pipelines in operation.

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