11 countries in central and Tropical Latin America. For
these two geographical regions, discrepancies between
observed and expected YLLs from interpersonal violence
were highest in Venezuela (9·91) and Brazil (4·88),
respectively. Observed YLLs were also higher than
expected for diabetes, especially in the Caribbean;
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
Age (years)
A Females
Bosnia and Herzegovina Chile Wales (UK) Saudi Arabia Bermuda Maldives Northern Ireland (UK) Turkey Denmark Taiwan (province of China) Costa Rica UK England (UK) Belgium Germany New Zealand Netherlands Greece Austria Israel Slovenia Portugal Canada Finland Sweden Singapore Norway South Korea Luxembourg Ireland Malta Australia Italy Cyprus France Switzerland Spain Iceland Japan
Andorra −0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
+0·5 +1·0
+2·2 +1·6 +1·5 +1·3 +2·9 +1·0 +1·0 +1·8 +2·5 +1·8 +2·3 +1·7 +1·8 +1·4 +1·4 +1·3 +2·1 +2·8 +2·1 +1·4 +1·2 +1·8 +1·5 +1·1 +1·2 +1·7 +1·7 +1·1 +1·9 +1·9 +2·9 +1·5 +4·0 +2·6 +2·2 +1·5 +1·1 +1·9 Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention
Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
Age (years)
A Females (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Malaysia Virgin Islands Antigua and Barbuda Serbia El Salvador Thailand Romania Macedonia Venezuela Brunei Vietnam Oman Latvia Argentina Lebanon China Hungary Montenegro Bahrain Lithuania Uruguay Cuba Jordan Tunisia Nicaragua Colombia Slovakia Croatia Panama Peru Sri Lanka Qatar Scotland (UK) Albania Estonia USA Kuwait Poland Czech Republic
Puerto Rico −0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
+1·5 +2·3 +2·3 +1·4 +1·4 +3·8 +2·2 +1·8 +2·9 +3·2 +2·3 +1·3 +1·7 +2·7 +2·5
+1·6 +1·8 +6·3 +1·5 +1·4 +2·7 +2·3 +2·2 +2·7 +5·0 +2·3 +1·1 +3·1 +1·3 +2·4
+0·5 +1·0 +2·7 +2·9
+2·5 +2·0 +2·9 +1·7 +0·7 +2·3
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
Age (years)
A Females (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Belize Tajikistan Syria American Samoa North Korea Greenland Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Guatemala Guam Suriname Morocco Trinidad and Tobago Azerbaijan The Bahamas Ukraine Cape Verde Russia Dominica Libya Paraguay Jamaica Belarus Saint Lucia Algeria Barbados Mauritius Moldova Palestine Seychelles Dominican Republic Iran United Arab Emirates Georgia Brazil Mexico Bulgaria Armenia Northern Mariana Islands
Ecuador −0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·4
−0·1
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·4
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·3
−0·2
−0·9
−0·5
−0·0
−0·5
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−1·2
−0·4
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·2
−0·0 −4·0
−0·0
+1·8 +1·1 +3·1 +2·1 +0·7 +2·0
+2·4 +0·8 +3·4
+1·9 +2·0 +0·6 +4·3
+2·4 +0·6 +1·4 +1·0 +2·2 +0·5 +1·0
+0·8 +0·2 +4·4
+1·0 +3·4 +2·0 +4·9 +1·6 +2·0 +2·6
+0·0 +2·4 +3·7 +4·0 +3·8 +2·3 +0·4
+1·5 +4·6
+1·7
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Age (years)
A Females (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Senegal Ethiopia Djibouti Pakistan Kiribati Ghana Kenya Rwanda Fiji Namibia Gabon São Tomé and Príncipe Sudan Comoros Laos Marshall Islands India The Gambia Mauritania Guyana Iraq Myanmar Nepal Federated States of Micronesia Mongolia Cambodia Bangladesh Timor-Leste Indonesia Turkmenistan Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Honduras Kyrgyzstan Samoa Bolivia Bhutan Grenada Philippines Egypt
Tonga −0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·2
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·2
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·7
−0·0
−0·4
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0 −0·0
−0·1
−0·2
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·1
−0·0
−0·3
+2·0 +1·8
+1·5 +0·9 +4·1 +2·9 +0·7 +3·4 +2·1 +1·0 +4·3 +3·2 +4·9 +3·9 +6·2 +4·2 +1·6
+3·1 +5·2 +2·8 +2·6 +3·7 +3·5 +4·5 +2·7 +7·4 +2·7 +3·2 +2·6 +7·2 +13·4 +1·1 +6·9 +9·2 +5·3 +2·5 +4·1 +3·2 +10·7
+3·6
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
Age (years)
A Females (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Lesotho Central African Republic Afghanistan Swaziland Somalia Guinea-Bissau South Sudan Sierra Leone Chad Angola Zambia Mozambique Congo (Brazzaville) Mali Guinea Cameroon Eritrea Côte d’Ivoire Papua New Guinea Burkina Faso Equatorial Guinea Botswana DR Congo Niger Zimbabwe Burundi Malawi Liberia South Africa Uganda Togo Haiti Benin Madagascar Solomon Islands Tanzania Nigeria Yemen
Vanuatu −0·1
−1·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·3
−0·1
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·2
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·2
−0·4
−0·0
−0·1
−0·3
−0·0
−0·0
−0·4
−0·1
−0·2
−0·2
−0·1
−0·3
−0·0
−0·2
−0·3
−0·1
−0·7
−0·2
−0·0 −0·4
−0·8
−0·3
−0·0
+2·5
+2·9 +9·1 +8·3 +2·4 +2·8 +4·2 +5·0 +5·6 +9·1 +10·4 +5·2 +13·7 +7·5 +17·0 +6·0 +4·9 +11·2 +5·5
+5·6 +3·3 +6·6
+1·4 +5·3 +3·8 +3·5 +4·5 +5·3 +11·4
+4·7 +4·7 +4·6 +1·8 +3·2 +2·8 +11·7
+3·9 +4·4
+5·7
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82
Age (years)
B Males
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Saudi Arabia South Korea Portugal Belgium Peru Lebanon Slovenia Northern Ireland (UK) Finland Wales (UK) Maldives Costa Rica Bahrain Denmark Germany France Greece Cyprus Austria UK Qatar Netherlands Ireland England (UK) Kuwait Canada New Zealand Italy Malta Singapore Spain Luxembourg Japan Norway Israel Australia Sweden Switzerland Iceland
Andorra −0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
+0·8 +1·3 +2·0 +1·8 +1·5 +2·6 +2·1 +1·5 +2·6 +2·9 +1·9 +1·4 +1·3 +2·0 +1·7 +3·2 +2·3 +1·6 +1·8 +3·9 +2·3 +2·2 +2·8 +1·7 +1·6 +1·8 +2·2 +3·6 +1·6 +2·3 +1·8 +2·4 +2·1 +4·1 +1·0 +2·3 +1·7 +2·6 +2·3 +1·6
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
Age (years)
B Males (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Dominican Republic Uruguay Jamaica Argentina China Hungary Morocco Ecuador Mexico Estonia Poland Serbia Barbados Antigua and Barbuda Macedonia Slovakia Sri Lanka Northern Mariana Islands Montenegro United Arab Emirates Tunisia Croatia Albania Bermuda Nicaragua Puerto Rico Brunei Colombia Algeria Panama Oman Cuba Turkey Czech Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina Jordan Chile Taiwan (province of China) USA
Scotland (UK) −0·0
−0·1
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·1
−0·3
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·0
−0·2
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·2
−0·5
−0·0
−0·6
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·4
−0·1
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−1·6
−0·1
−0·2
+2·8 +1·8 +2·3 +1·2 +1·8 +2·0 +2·9 +3·0 +0·8 +1·7 +1·0 +1·9 +3·1
+0·5 +2·2
+1·5 +1·7 +1·5 +2·6
+1·1 +0·8 +2·2
+0·3 +4·0 +3·7 +2·6 +1·3 +0·8 +2·9 +2·7 +6·3
+1·3 +1·9 +1·8 +4·4 +3·9 +1·3
+0·6 +1·3
+2·3
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
Age (years)
B Males (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Grenada Suriname Trinidad and Tobago North Korea Indonesia Belize Cape Verde Azerbaijan Dominica Lithuania Guatemala Mauritania Moldova Greenland Tajikistan Virgin Islands Seychelles El Salvador Latvia Venezuela Brazil Armenia Thailand The Bahamas American Samoa Vietnam Bulgaria Mauritius Libya Bhutan Romania Palestine Iran Timor-Leste Honduras Paraguay Bolivia Samoa Malaysia
Saint Lucia −0·0
−0·3
−0·0
−0·0
−0·5
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−1·1
−0·0
−0·1
−3·0
−0·5
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·4
−0·1
−0·0
−0·8
−0·0
−0·2
−0·0
−0·8
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·2
−0·2
−0·0
−1·8
−0·0
−0·0 −0·1
−0·3
−0·0
−0·2
−0·0
−0·0
+2·3 +0·3 +2·2 +3·1
+0·6 +1·7 +5·0 +2·3
+0·7 +2·7
+2·9
+0·5 +2·8
+2·3 +1·9 +1·3
+2·0 +1·4 +2·6 +2·0
+0·3 +5·1
+2·0 +2·3
+0·2 +4·2
+2·6 +4·4
+3·3 +3·6 +4·0
+0·1 +4·5
+5·9 +1·9 +1·9 +1·4
+1·2 +1·8 +1·6
(Figure 16 continues on next page)
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
Age (years)
B Males (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
−0·3
−0·1
−0·1
−1·6
−0·0
−0·0
−0·8
−1·0
−0·1
−0·1
−0·5
−0·0
−0·0
−0·3
−0·4
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−1·5
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·1
−0·0
−0·0
−0·1
−0·1
−1·2
−0·1
−0·6
−0·4
−0·2
−0·2
−0·1
−0·1
−0·0
−0·2
−0·2
−0·3
−0·3
+1·0 +1·1
+3·0 +0·0
+1·1 +2·9
+2·9 +1·5 +2·4 +2·6
+2·0 +2·9 +1·2
+4·5 +5·3 +4·7 +2·7 +3·0
+2·5 +6·6
+5·5 +3·1 +2·3 +4·2 +6·6 +1·9 +3·3
+2·2 +3·7
+3·5 +6·0 +1·2 +4·5 +7·6 +2·3 +5·4 +2·1 +4·9
+3·9 Nigeria +6·9
Ghana Liberia Vanuatu Congo (Brazzaville) Guyana Ethiopia Gabon Rwanda Fiji Senegal Haiti Iraq Pakistan Marshall Islands Laos Myanmar Belarus India Kazakhstan Russia Yemen Kyrgyzstan Sudan Cambodia Ukraine Turkmenistan Federated States of Micronesia The Gambia Comoros São Tomé and Príncipe Philippines Georgia Nepal Uzbekistan Tonga Guam Bangladesh Egypt Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Figure 16: Attribution of changes in life expectancy at birth to changes in major groups of causes of death, 2005 to 2015
Changes are shown for countries and territories (and subnational units in the UK) for females (A) and males (B). Locations are ordered by decreasing life expectancy at birth in 2015. Blue lines show life expectancy at birth in 2005 and black lines show life expectancy at birth in 2015. Causes to the left of the 2005 life expectancy values refl ect causes that contributed to reductions in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015. Causes to the right of the 2005 life expectancy values contributed to increases in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015.
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
Age (years)
B Males (continued)
Forces of nature, war, and legal intervention Musculoskeletal disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic diseases Chronic respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Neoplasms Other communicable diseases Nutritional deficiencies
Neonatal disorders Maternal disorders Neglected tropical diseases and malaria Diarrhoea, lower respiratory, and other common infectious diseases HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine disorders
Self-harm and interpersonal violence Unintentional injuries Mental and substance use disorders
Transport injuries
Neurological disorders Digestive disorders Other non-communicable diseases
Lesotho Central African Republic Swaziland Afghanistan Somalia Zambia Mozambique Guinea-Bissau South Sudan Botswana Chad Zimbabwe Sierra Leone Côte d’Ivoire Cameroon Guinea Malawi Uganda Togo South Africa Kiribati DR Congo Angola Niger Benin Namibia Burkina Faso Mali Burundi Papua New Guinea Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Djibouti Madagascar Syria Tanzania Mongolia Kenya
Solomon Islands −0·1
−0·2
−0·0
−1·0
−12·1
−0·3
−0·1
−0·6
−0·1
−0·0
−0·1
−0·1
−0·4
−0·0
−0·3
−0·7
−0·2
−0·7
−0·1
−0·1
−0·1
−0·1
−0·1
−0·6
−0·3
−0·0
−0·0
−0·0
−0·2
−0·0
−1·4
−0·5
−0·6
−0·2
−0·9
−3·0
−0·0
−0·5 −0·4
+2·0 +7·1 +2·9
+6·6 +0·8
+2·1 +3·2 +1·1 +4·8 +2·9 +6·0 +3·5 +5·3 +8·9
+4·0 +5·0 +4·6
+4·9 +2·0 +7·1 +4·0 +6·8 +10·5
+3·3 +4·0 +5·1 +5·2 +11·7 +4·6 +7·9
+2·0 +3·0 +4·0 +8·3
+2·7 +3·6 +7·3
+4·3 +3·4