AL PÚBLICO GENERAL
1. PERCEPCIONES Y JUICIOS
11.8.2 Daily
At the beginning of each shift or working day that the crane is in use the following routine checks, as appropriate for the type of crane, shall be carried out.
1. Checks as required by the manufacturer's handbook.
2. Check that all ropes are correctly positioned on their sheaves and drums have not been displaced.
3. Visually check that no electrical equipment is exposed to contamination by oil, grease, water or dirt.
4. Visually check, by inspecting relevant levels and/or components, that no loss of fluids such as lubricating oil and coolant is apparent.
5. Check the operation of all limit switches or cut outs and the dead man's handle or lever, using caution in making checks in case of malfunction.
6. Check and test slew motors, slew pinion and brakes to ensure ingerity.
7. Check that the rated capacity indicator is set for its correct duty and that the manufacturer's daily test is carried out.
8. Check that the load radius scale is appropriate to the jib configuration fitted if the equipment is separate from that in item 6.
9. By varying the load lifting attachment radius without load, check the correct movement of the equipment in items 6 and 7.
10. Check that the correct air pressure is maintained in any pneumatic control system, e.g. brakes.
11. Check that lights, windscreen wiper(s) and washers operate efficiently. 12. Check correct function of all crane controls without load.
13. Check condition of the slew motor and gearing and slew brakes to ensure full control of slewing inertia when vessel is rolling.
14. Check satisfactory operation of all audible warning devices.
15. In the interests of safety and fire prevention, check that the crane is in a tidy condition and free from tins of oil, rags, tools or materials other than those for which storage provision is made, that access and egress are adequate and that the appropriate fire fighting equipment is available.
16. Check that there are no obstructions in the path of travel of the crane.
11.8.3 Weekly
Once a week, when the crane is in use, the following checks as appropriate for the type of crane shall be carried out.
1. Checks as required by the manufacturer's handbook.
2. Check the rated capacity indicator in accordance with the operating instructions.
3. Visually inspect all ropes for broken wires, flattening, basket distortion or other signs of damage, excessive wear and surface corrosion.
4. Check all rope terminations, swivels, pins and retaining devices and check all sheaves for damage, worn bushes or seizure.
5. Inspect the structure for damage, e.g. missing and bent bracings on bridges and strut jibs, bulges, indentations and unusual rubbing marks on telescopic jibs, cracked welds and loose bolts and other fasteners.
6. Check hook(s) and other load lifting attachments, safety catch(es) and swivel(s) for damage, free movement or wear. Check the hook shank thread and securing nut for undue movement, which can indicate wear or corrosion.
7. Check operation and adjustment of controllers.
8. On hydraulic machines check for creep of hydraulic rams. 9. Check effectiveness of brakes and clutches.
11. Enter results of checks in the records of inspections.
11.8.4 Reporting of defects and incidents
The Competent Authorised Person shall ensure the CSR and the project engineer are immediately notified of the following:
1. any defects found during daily or weekly checks; 2. defects found at any other time;
3. incidents or accidents, however slight; 4. shock loads, however they occur;
5. dangerous occurrences or reportable accidents.
11.9
Maintenance
11.9.1 General
Provision shall be made to ensure that throughout its use the crane, tie-downs and other equipment used in the lifting operation are maintained in a satisfactory condition.
The appointed person shall be satisfied that adequate information, e.g. manufacturer's instructions, is available and that the maintenance is carried out by trained personnel who have adequate knowledge of the correct procedures. The frequency and extent of such maintenance shall take account of all factors that affect the crane in carrying out its work.
11.9.2 Planned maintenance
To ensure safe and satisfactory operation of the crane, a properly planned maintenance system shall be established and used. Manufacturer's instruction books recommend that specific tasks be carried out at stated intervals and these periods shall not be exceeded. They also specify the lubrication points that require attention, the interval or frequency of greasing and oil changes and the grades and quality of lubricant to be used. Furthermore, the instruction books will also cover other essential maintenance such as replacement of filters, draining intervals of air receivers, frequency for checking the security of fixing bolts and recommended torque settings and other adjustments, e.g. clutches and brakes.
An effective planned maintenance system shall recognise the possible need to prohibit the use of the crane until essential maintenance work is carried out.
A record (11.7.1) shall be kept for the crane, giving information on the major components used in the crane manufacture, e.g. rope diameters, lengths, construction and breaking loads, make and model of motors, pumps, gear boxes, winches, drives, electrical and hydraulic equipment and switch gear. Consideration can be given, where appropriate, to stocking certain expendable items and other parts to minimise down time in the event of crane breakdown.
11.9.3 Replacement Parts
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R U C K S12.1
General
The forklift trucks used for goods handling in BSP worksites range in capacity 3, 6 and 20 tons. Forklift trucks must be equipped with a protection device that protects the operator in case of roll-over. The wearing of the seat belt is obligatory. A bright orange revolving light shall be installed and must operate while the forklift truck is in use. An acoustic reversing drive alarm is required to be installed.
Only properly trained and certified people are allowed to operate forklift trucks within BSP worksites.
Attention is drawn to EP2005-0264-G01 (section 9 page 20)
12.2
Pre-Use
At the start of every shift it is the forklift operator’s duty to carry out a visual check on the truck to ensure it is in a safe condition. As a minimum the following checks shall be made: -
12.2.1 Pre-start vehicle inspection
1. Check the capacity rating plate is fitted and readable; 2. Overhead guard for security;
3. All hydraulic rams and cylinders and hoses for leaks; 4. Mast assembly for wear;
5. Lift chains and rollers for wear and damaged links, ensure anchors are secure; 6. Forks, ensure they are not bent or damaged, lateral locks are present and working; 7. Condition of the wheels and tyres;
8. Check fuel level and fuel gauge;
9. Check seat belt condition and operation, including anchorages; 10. Check the engine oil level;
11. Check the engine coolant level; 12. Check the transmission fluid level; 13. Check the hydraulic fluid level; 14. Check the battery condition;
12.2.2 Ignition ON checks
Check/Test the standard equipment 1. Front, tail, and brake lights 2. Fuel gauge (if diesel)
4. Amber warning light 5. Windshield wiper, if fitted 6. Acoustic reversing alarm
12.2.3 Engine Running Checks
1. Check the gauges
i. Oil pressure indicator lamp; ii. Ammeter indicator lamp; iii. Ammeter;
iv. Hour Meter;
v. Water Temperature Gauge; 2. Steering
3. Brakes 4. Horn 5. Lights
6. Check the operation of any load-handling attachments, rotator etc.
12.2.4 Pre-use checks for forklift trucks not in use for an extended period of time
In cases where a forklift truck is not used for an extended period of time the user shall ensure that the competent person specifies a special programme of pre-use checks and in-service inspections and thorough examination before it is used. The extent and thoroughness of this programme depends not only on the length of the period that the fork lift truck was out of use but also on the location of the fork lift truck during this period. Forklift truck’s standing under cover or inside a workshop might require very little extra inspection. Forklift truck’s that have been out of use in the open and therefore exposed to the weather and atmospheric pollution, etc. might require an extensive appraisal to ensure fitness for work. The programme of pre-use checks and in-service inspections must contain, as a minimum, the following checks.
a. Any checks that are recommended in the manufacturers instructions for the forklift truck.
b. Checking all hoist chains for signs of corrosion/degradation and damage and ensuring that there is thorough lubrication.
c. Checking all control linkage for evidence of seizure or partial seizure and ensuring that there is correct lubrication.
d. Checking for correct functioning of all the safety devices.
e. Checking hoses, seals or other components for evidence of deterioration. f. Checking for corrosion on the structure, access, control linkages etc.
g. Checking for structural integrity, for example cracks, dents, missing components.
h. Testing of every motion without load, each motion individually at first then by combination of two or more motions simultaneously as appropriate, and then repeating the test with a load.
12.2.5 Documents
The following documents must be present on the forklift truck: 1. Forklift truck manual
2. The current certificate of examination 3. The safe working load chart.
12.2.6 Hazardous Zone Requirements
Any forklift truck that is required to be operated in a zone 1 or zone 2 area requires to fully comply with the requirements of BSP-14-02-Standard-001.
12.3
Operations
Personnel must not operate forklift trucks unless they comply with the competency standards stated in Appendix 1 of BSP-ASS-Guidline-006, and are specifically authorised to do so.
Operators must not drive or operate a forklift truck unless they are in good health. If an operator becomes aware of any health condition, which may affect their performance they must inform their supervisors.
Forklift truck operators shall wear a high visibility vest to aid visibility both while driving and at any time when they leave the operation position.
Forklift truck operators must – 1. Not carry passengers
2. Not allow pedestrians to walk under the load 3. Not drive in a direction where visibility is blocked 4. Not attempt stacking and dismantling stacks on inclines 5. Avoid fast accelerating, sharp braking or fast turning
6. Be cautious when travelling on slopes, uneven or pot-holed surfaces 7. Take care when operating in the vicinity of pedestrians or other vehicles 8. Obey traffic regulations, or in the absence as general rule, keep to the left.
9. Operators must be aware of hazards in and at the perimeter of their areas of operation.
12.4
Parking
When unattended, forklift trucks must be left with the fork arms tilted forward and lowered to rest on the ground or deck. The engine must be switched off, the key removed and the handbrake applied.
When not in use, forklift trucks must be parked in secured areas where access by unauthorised personnel is restricted.
Ignition keys must be kept in a safe place and only issued to authorised operators for the duration of the duty period or task. A logbook shall be used to control the issuing and return of the keys.
12.5
Area of Operating
Forklift truck operators must only drive in areas where they are authorised to do so.
Care must be taken at all times during forklift truck operations to avoid pedestrians, other vehicles and hazards within their area of operations. Forklift trucks must only be used in areas where there is enough room for safe operation. Particular care must be taken to ensure that forklift trucks used in aisles have enough room to circulate and manoeuvre either loaded or unloaded.
Sharp bends and overhead obstructions must be avoided as far as possible. Special care must be taken to avoid hazards such as loading bays, excavations, columns, pipe work, racks and other plant. Forklift trucks must only be driven on suitable surfaces; road humps and rough or soft surfaces are to be avoided.
Forklift trucks must not be operated on excessive gradients. (In general, forklift trucks shall be driven forwards up a slope, backwards down a slope and in line with the incline. It shall be necessary to raise the forks slightly at the bottom of a slope to avoid grounding.)
Forklift trucks must not be operated across gradients.
Driving on public roads must be restricted to an absolute minimum. Forklift trucks must not be operated in confined areas where there is a possibility of exhaust fumes accumulating.
Also refer to work instruction, “Use of Goods Handling Equipment (Forklifts Trucks), BSP 13.03.00-W-002” for additional precautions and the pre-operation checks required.
Figure 3 Stability of Fork Lift Truck's
12.6
Capacity
Capacities of forklift trucks are rated by the manufacturer and under no circumstances must these capacities be exceeded. The capacity is defined by a given weight with the center of gravity at a longitudinal distance from the face of the forks. It is stated as a maximum weight at a maximum load centre. A forklift truck with a rated load of 3000kgs at 500mm centres will be able to carry only 2500kgs at 600mm load centres.
Rated weight x Rated distance = 3000 x 500 = 2500kgs New Distance 30
12.7
Loads and Handling
1. Forklift trucks must only be used to lift loads within their certified capacity.
2. Loads must be correctly placed and secured on the forks to avoid tipping forwards or sideways.
3. Wherever possible, forklift trucks must be driven with the forks in the lowered position and with the mast slightly tilted back. The forks shall be so adjusted to ensure that the fork heels do not touch the ground.
4. Movement with loads in excessively raised positions must be avoided to minimise the danger of toppling, especially on uneven surfaces and while cornering.
5. Forklift trucks must only be used for loads, which can be carried safely on the forks or attachments fitted. Non-standard, un-packaged and excessively wide loads must be avoided wherever possible. In particular, long tubes must be carried using appropriate attachments.
12.8
Attachments
Forklift trucks must only use attachments that have been specially designed for use on the forklift trucks, and for the load intended. Attachments must only be used as prescribed.
Attachments must be manufactured by a recognised specialist manufacturer and must be certified in accordance with BSP-72-Procedure-012.
Care must be taken to ensure that where attachments are used, any consequential de-rating of lifting capacity is not exceeded.
12.9
Rough Terrain
The operation of rough terrain forklift trucks involves special hazards, which require additional care and consideration:
1. Care must be taken at all times to ensure that traction is retained. Loss of traction due to the nature of the terrain or weight transfer taking load off the driving wheels is to be avoided.
2. Care must be taken and speeds minimised to reduce the risk of load toppling caused by the imbalance induced when operating on rough terrain.
3. Operators must ensure that the parking brake is capable of holding the forklift truck stationary on an incline. (Some rough terrain vehicles are capable of climbing inclines steeper than those on which the parking brake will hold the vehicle.)
4. Checks for overhead obstructions must be made before lifting and transporting loads. 5. Special care must be taken near power lines and other materials handling vehicles such
as mobile cranes.
6. Driving rough terrain forklift trucks on public roads must be kept to a minimum. When public road travel is necessary, fork arms must be removed, folded or protected in some way so that they do not present a hazard to other road users. Where this is not possible, forks must be painted or otherwise made highly visible.
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A N D L I N GE
Q U I P M E N T13.1
General Requirements
This section establishes minimum standards for the design, testing, maintenance, inspection, personnel certification, and operation of mechanical handling equipment.
13.2
Aerial Platforms
This section applies to those platforms, Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices, Manually Propelled Elevating Aerial Platforms, Boom Supported Elevating Work Platforms, and Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms.
Attention is drawn to EP2005-0264-G01 (section 10 page 22)
13.2.1 Design Criteria - General
The design, maintenance and operation of this equipment shall comply with an international standard or manufacturer's association rules.
13.2.1.1
Identification of Mobile Aerial Platforms.
The identification and rated load/applicable capacity ratings shall be clearly marked on the mobile aerial platform.
13.2.2 Pre-Use Operational Checks
These inspections shall be performed each day the mobile aerial platform is used and shall include the following:
1. Check safety devices for malfunction.
4 Check operating and control mechanisms for proper function.
3. Inspect for defects such as cracked welds, damaged control cables, and loose cable/wire connections.
4. Inspect hydraulic or pneumatic systems for observable deterioration or leakage and check hydraulic system for proper oil level if suspect.
5. Inspect electrical equipment for signs of malfunction, signs of deterioration, and dust and moisture accumulation.
6. Inspect chains or wire rope for wear or distortion.
7. Inspect mechanical parts for any signs of wear, cracks, or distortion such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, couplings, rollers and locking devices.
8. Hydraulic system for proper oil level.
9. Hydraulic and pneumatic fittings hoses and tubing for evidence of leakage abnormal deformation, or abrasion.
10. Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders and holding valves for malfunction and visible damage.
11. Condition and tightness of bolts and other fasteners.
13.2.3 Use Operations.
Mobile aerial platforms shall be operated according to this section, the manufacturers' recommendations. The following practices shall be followed for mobile aerial platform operations:
1. Determine that the proposed mobile aerial platform operation is the desired operation after comparing hazards, productivity, and manpower requirements associated with other methods of access.
2. Before each use, the operator shall have read and understood the manufacturer's operating instructions and safety rules, have been trained and have read and understood all decals and warnings on the equipment.
4. Before each use, the operator shall perform a pre-operational check to demonstrate operational readiness, including all limit switches and outrigger drift switches, if applicable but excluding the tilt alarm/shutoff. If controls do not operate properly the operator is responsible for notifying the supervisor. Repairs and adjustments shall be made before operations begin. The operator shall adhere to all decals on the controls. 5. Personnel must not operate aerial platforms unless the fully comply with the competency
standards stated in BSP-ASS-Guideline-006.
6. Before each use, the operator shall survey the area for applicable hazards such as overhead obstructions and high-voltage conductors, debris, bumps and loose obstructions, drop-offs and holes, ditches, soft earth, obstructed path of travel, unstable footing, and other possible hazardous conditions.
5. Personnel must:
a. Keep all parts of the body, tools, and equipment inside the work platform periphery during raising, lowering, and travelling operations;
b. Hold onto a moving platform using both hands;
c. Consideration must be given to prevailing environmental conditions (e.g., wind, rain, lightning, snow, etc), as well as aspects of the device (e.g., sail area) before commencing operations.