This study examined the impacts of flooding on mental health conditions among the vulnerable population of the coastal area of Bangladesh. Figure 5.1 shows the model outlining the significant predictors of post-flood mental illness. Flooding may directly or indirectly affect mental health (Berry et al., 2010). In this study, after the 2011 floods in Upazila Tala, people suffered injury, and lost their land or property. The most victims of Upazila Tala were from a lower socio-economic background. After a flood they suffered from major socio-economic changes, possibly becoming unemployed, losing their land or having a low level of monthly income. Maintaining their lives with limited resources and coping with flood-related losses was extremely difficult for them. They expected some financial help or support from the government, however, very few actually received any financial support. As a result, many of these people suffered more grief, emotional distress, numbness and eventually develop a mental illness.
The prevalence of psychological disorders increased significantly after the flood. The analyses show that exposure factors such as water levels in the home, injury, loss of a family member, loss of land and financial support were among the major predictors of psychological illness. Victims with higher water exposure (>6 feet) suffer more psychological distress. People who lost a family member, were injured, lost their land and received no financial support from the government were more prone to developing mental illness. Regarding socio-economic factors, females with depression and anxiety and males with anxiety and drug abuse, being of a younger age, being unemployed and having a low monthly income significantly increased the risk of flood related psychological disorders. Overall, in this study most of the exposure factors (e.g. water level in the home, injury, loss of land, and no financial help) were associated with post-flood mental illness. As this is the first study of such a kind from Bangladesh, the results of the study may help policy-makers to improve the mental health strategies among flood-affected areas.
It is important to target interventions for the most susceptible groups in order to use the health resources in an efficient manner. These findings may have a significant public health implication in the control and prevention of flood-related mental illness in Bangladesh.
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