右に曲がると 銀行がある。(1-b) migi ni magaru to ginko- ga aru
(When you turn right, there is a bank.)
If you want to add your empathy to phrases 1 (Pick one) and 2 (Seesaw), use "i-adj. / verb + n /no nara." If you want to put more feeling into it, use "i-adj. / verb + ndattara" or "na-adj. / noun + dattara."
Ms. Ueda has gone home.
暖房を消す 寒い
samui atsui
danbo- o kesu
暑いなら暖房を消しましょう。
atsui nara danbo- o keshimasho-
A: B:
暑い
Turn off the heater
cold hot
When it becomes hot, let's turn off the heater.
わからない 聞いて下さい。 わからないなら聞いて下さい。 わかる ki-te-kudasai wakaru wakaranai
wakaranai nara ki-te-kudasai A: understand B: Don't understand
Please ask me.
If you don't understand, please ask me. Now
Now Now The result (Y) of general condition (X) always or certainly occurs.
Speculation is not called for.
-
i-e, demo sashimi nara tabemashita
With cooperation from Yasuhiro Koga
Copyright 2008 The Yomiuri Shimbun
Until today, I think most of you have studied and understood the grammatical explanations of the subjective form by reading various textbooks. But I think it's true that you may be distressed, and saying, "But I cannot say anything because I don't know how to use them." I hear this kind of thing from a lot of students. I explained the subjunctive form in the past two lessons (vols. 84 and 85), and you may be puzzled on some points because I focused on explaining usage, rather than grammar. It is really important to understand my explanations first and use the subjunctive form like Mr. Pole, who makes mistakes but tries to use them.
I think I'm getting used to using "nara" and "to" in my daily conversation. Even though I sometimes get confused and make mistakes, I still try to use them. What I would like to do now is to learn how to use "tara" and "ba." I will then become an expert on the subjunctive form. It will help me enjoy daily conversation much more, and I hope to make a lot of friends!
tara
たら
tara
babaば
Future trip in the Future (Past tense) Present(Jump to the future)
ば
ba
たら
たら
ば
tara
たら
tara
1.
Future trip
: Future / Hope / Emergency / Happening / As soon as / ___ then ___, etc.:When talking about a future event, "tara" is most frequently used among "tara / ba / nara / to."
・future:
・hope:
・emergency:
・advice:
・as soon as:
・--- then ---: スケジュールが決まったら連絡します。 大人になったら何になりたい？ 入金が確認出来たら品物を送ります。 火事になったら１１９番に電話して下さい。 コピーをしたら持って行きます。 お酒を飲んだら運転しないで下さい。 When my schedule is fixed, I'll let you know.
schedule ga kimattara renraku shimasu
(Frequently asked question of children) What would you like to be when you grow up? otona ni nattara nani ni naritai ?
Please call 119 in case of fire.
kaji ni nattara 119-ban ni denwa shite kudasai.
If you drink, don't drive.
osake o nondara unten shinaide kudasai
As soon as I confirm your payment, I’ll send you the item.
If I make a copy, I will bring it to you.
nyu-kin ga kakunin dekitara shinamono o okurimasu
copy o shitara motte-ikimasu
4.
Unrealistic dream
: When something is highly unlikely to become reality, "moshi" (if) is placed at the beginning of the sentence.5.
Surprise
(when surprised) /Emergency
/Discovery!
2.
Advice
: Asking for advice3.
Weak suggestion
: If there is something you find that is difficult to say, you may put it in question form, so that the listener can answer Yes or No. That makes a suggestion less forthright. The tone rises at the end of a question.これはどこに置いたらいいですか？ 少し節約したら？ もう少し待ったら？ 休んだら？ もし１日が30時間あったら15時間寝ます。 支払おうとしたらお金が足りなかった！ パスワードを入力したら違っていた。 Where should I put this?
Why don't you save some money?
Why don't you wait for a while?
Why don't you take a rest?
If there were 30 hours a day, I would sleep for 15 hours.
When I was about to pay, I didn't have enough money!
When I input the password, it was incorrect.
password o nyu-ryoku shitara chigatteita
shiharao- to shitara okane ga tarinakatta
moshi ichi-nichi ga 30-jikan attara 15-jikan nemasu sukoshi setsuyaku shitara?
mo- sukoshi mattara?
yasundara?
kore wa doko ni oitara i- desu ka?
→
→
→
If only you were experienced, I would want you to work here.
If only I repair it, I can use it. → It's not repaired at this moment, so I cannot use it.
2.
Strong suggestion
: It sounds pushy, so most likely people at a higher level would use this phrase to people of a lower level. The tone drops at the end of a question.3.
Past habit
4.
Proverbs
:楽あれば苦あり 急がば回れ
住めば都
1.
Hidden meaning
: Although " ba" can be replaced by " tara," a "hidden meaning behind the reality" is emphasized by using "ba."帰れば 暇さえあればゲームをしていた。 修理すれば使えます。 経験があれば働いてもらいたいのですが。 → もっとよく考えれば →
shu-ri sureba tsukaemasu
ke-ken ga areba hataraite-moraitai no desu ga
kaereba
motto yoku kangaereba
hima sae areba game o shiteita
isogaba maware raku areba ku ari
sumeba miyako
Why not think more deeply?
(If you don't feel good) Why not go home?
When I had a free time, I used to play video games.
More haste, less speed. Life is not all beer and skittles.
To every bird his own nest is best.
→You are not experienced, so I cannot hire you.
Z Z
Z Z Z
With cooperation from Yasuhiro Koga
Copyright 2008 The Yomiuri Shimbun
It wasn't that she wanted to buy the items from you, Mr. Pole. It was that she felt she needed to help you out. You used the "chatta" form, didn't you? That's why she assumed you were in trouble for having bought too much. I refer this type of phrase as a "heart expression," as it contains emotional undertones. Your use of "chatta" is a typical mistake made by learners of Japanese who can hold simple conversations in the language.
Recently, my friend Miss Hayashi spotted me in the parking lot of a store after I had bought a lot of stuff that I would need in an emergency, such as a major earthquake. When she saw me putting my purchases into my car, she said, "It looks like you bought quite a bit, eh?" I replied, "so- nan desu. takusan katchattan desu. (lit. Yes, I bought too much.)" She then asked, "Well, shall I buy some of it from you?" "iie," I said "watashi wa takusan taberu node mada tarinaikurai nan desu. (No, thanks, I eat a lot, so I'll probably still need to buy more.)" She gave me a puzzled look and walked off. Ms. Hirayama, why did she want to buy my food?
ちゃった
___chattaちゃった
Jekyll and Hyde form
___chatta
Jekyll and Hyde form
Many learners of Japanese often use "...cha (ja) tta" in place of the present perfect form. But if you use this in conversation, a Japanese listener will instead assume negative connotations. This clearly explains why Mr. Pole was misunderstood by his friend. In addition, this usage has two "faces," as it can have a positive meaning as well. For this reason, I call this grammatical form "Jekyll and Hyde."
Women, it should be noted, are inclined to use this form in a colloquial manner.
The grammatical form is often thought to convey only regret over something you've done or that has happened, but it can express two feelings that are opposite in nature.
Let's take a look at the following exercises to become more familiar with the form. Enter the correct Japanese word into the squares.
ちゃった
chatta
_______
(te form)teて
じゃった
jatta
_______
(te form)de
で
×
×
Positive situation
仕事を shigoto o 今度の新しい会社は 給料が２倍！kondo no atarashi- kaisha wa kyu-ryo- ga 2-bai!
to quit to quit
これずっと欲しかったので思い切って
kore zutto hoshikatta node omoikitte to buy to buy