PLEC DE CONDICIONS
2. DEFINICIONS I COMPETÈNCIES DELS AGENTS DEL FET CONSTRUCTIU
3.3. Pla de Seguretat i Salut del Contractista
Separate collection
Member States are to minimize the disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as
unsorted municipal waste and set up separate collection systems for WEEE. Member States must ensure that:
• Consumers and retailers can return products free of charge to some form of take-back system;
• Retailers can take back that waste of the same type of equipment free of charge on a one-to- one basis;
• Producers can set up and operate individual or collective take-back systems; • Return of contaminated, hazardous waste may be refused.
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• Producers make provision for the collection of waste that is not from private households. • Waste electrical and electronic equipment is transported to authorized treatment facilities. By December 2006, the Directive demanded that a separate collection rate of at least 4 kg on average per inhabitant per year of waste electrical and electronic equipment from private households be achieved (currently subject to recast; see section 3.0).
Treatment
Producers of electrical and electronic equipment must apply the best available treatment, recovery and recycling techniques.
Recovery
Producers must set up systems for the recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipment collected separately.
By December 2006, the Directive demanded that a recovery rate by an average weight per appliance must be between 50% and 80% depending on the product category. In order to track this, producers (or others acting on behalf of producers) record the waste entering and leaving treatment and recovery or recycling facilities in weight registers.
Product Design
With respect to product design, Member States are expected to encourage producers to consider dismantling and recovery in the design of their electronic products.
Financing
By August 2005, the Directive demanded that producers provide for the financing of the collection, at least from the collection point, of the treatment, recovery and disposal of products. For products placed on the market after that time, each producer is responsible for providing financing in respect to their own products. For products placed on the market before August 2005, financing is to be contributed proportionately to the existing producers’ market share.
By August 2005, the Directive demanded that financing related to business, ICI and related, be covered by producers in the case of waste placed on the market after that date. For products placed on the market before that, costs are to be picked up by producers that are supplying new equivalent products (or new products fulfilling the same function). Note however that Member States can ask that users (business, ICI) be made responsible, either partly or totally, for this financing. When historical waste is not replaced, by new equivalent products, the costs will be picked up by the business.
Information
Users of electrical and electronic equipment in private households must have access to information about not mixing electronic waste with unsorted municipal waste, ensuring separate
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collection and take-back systems, as well as their role in the recovery of waste, the effects of such waste on the environment and health, and the meaning of the symbol which appears on the packaging of electronic equipment (a crossed-out wheeled bin).
Reporting and penalties
Member States must draft and maintain a register of producers and keep information on the quantities and categories of electrical and electronic equipment placed on the market, collected, recycled and recovered in their territory. While not mandated, most Member States do specify the need for weight data to accompany number of units. A report must be sent to the Commission on the implementation of the Directive every three years. Member States are to determine the penalties applicable to breaches of this Directive.
2.0 RECAST
The recast of the original Directive is being undertaken to improve its effectiveness and implementation, and to reduce associated administrative costs. Specifically, the Commission proposes to;
• Clarify the distinction between electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) from households and non- household waste, so that it is easier to determine which products fall under the Directive and to establish the obligations applicable to equipment producers;
• Set an annual WEEE collection rate at 65% per Member State as of 2016, according to the average quantity of equipment placed on the market in the two preceding years. This target reflects the amount of WEEE currently already separately collected in the Member States and takes into account the wide variation in product consumption in each of them (i.e., creates a level playing field). The ‘two preceding years’ parameter provides balance between representativeness (linkage between producer/manufacturer and products collected) and complexity (level of effort, data quality issues);2
• Include the re-use of whole appliances in the increased target for recycling combined with re- use;
• Set a new target for the recycling of medical devices;
• Harmonize the requirements for registration and reporting falling upon producers; and • Set minimum inspection requirements for Member States.
APPENDIX 4
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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April 2010
Alberta Recycling Management Authority. 2009. Municipal E-Waste Roundup Program. 18pp.
Alberta Recycling Management Authority. 2009. The Promise of Responsible Environmental Stewardship 2008 2009 Annual Report. 77pp.
Alberta Recycling Management Authority. 2007. Business Plan 2007/08-2009/10. 18pp.
Alberta Recycling Management Authority. 2007. Waste Electronics Incentive Program Requirements. 20pp.
Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act. s. 175 Appendix Designated Material Recycling and Management Regulation O.C. 212/2004 A.R. 93/2004. May 2004.
Bennett and James. 1999. Sustainable Measures: Evaluation and Reporting of Environmental and Social Performance. Greenleaf Publishing. Sheffield UK. 582pp.
Bristol Omnifacts Research. 2008. RRFB Nova Scotia: 2008 Public Opinion Research. 97pp.
California Integrated Waste Management Board. 2008. Guidance for Manufacturer Reporting for the Electronic Waste Recycling Act. 11pp. Accessed October 23, 2009:
http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/publications/Electronics/45007002.pdf
California Integrated Waste Management Board. 2001
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Selected E-Waste Diversion in California:A Baseline Study. 87pp.
California State Board of Equalization. 2007. California Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003, Publication No. 13. 71pp.
Commission of the European Communities. 2008. Commission Staff Working Paper accompanying the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (recast) Impact Assessment SEC (2008) 2933. Brussels. 119pp.
Congressional Research Service. 2007. Report for Congress: Managing Electronic Waste: An Analysis of State E-Waste Legislation, Order Code RL34147. 20pp.
CSR, RIS International Ltd., MacViro Consultants Inc. and Jack Mintz and Associates Inc. 2005. Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment Study. Prepared for Waste Diversion Ontario. 216pp.
Electronics TakeBack Coalition. 2008. Comparisons of State E-Waste Laws. Accessed October 21, 2009: www.electronicstakeback.com
El-Kretsen. 2008. Our Operations 2008. 14pp.
Ipsos-Reid. 2008. Electronics Recycling: ESABC Program Awareness and Impact. Prepared for Encorp Pacific (Canada). 28 Slides.
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Environment Canada. 2008. Performance Measurement, Targets and Objectives in Canadian EPR Programs. Presented 5th National Extended Producer Responsibility Workshop February 27-29. 22 Slides.
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http://www.e-waste.ch/en/performance.html
Fredholm, Susan. 2008. Evaluating Electronic Waste Recycling Systems: The Influence of Physical Architechture on System Performance. Master of Science in Technology and Policy. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 85pp.
Gregory, Jeremy and Randolph Kirchain. 2008. A Framework for Evaluating the Economic Performance of Recycling Systems: A Case Study of North American Electronics Recycling Systems. Environmental Science and Technology 42 (18). 8pp.
Linell, Jason and Nash, Jennifer. 2009. Performance Measures for Electronics Recycling Programs; How Can We Measure Effectiveness? Presented E-Scrap 2009, Tuesday, September 22. 54 slides.
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 2009. Report on 2007 SCORE Programs. Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Maine Department of Environmental Protection. 2009. Electronic Waste, Title 38, Section 1610. 7pp.
Maine Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Remediation and Waste Management. 2009. Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Management of Televisions and Computer Monitors. Accessed October 23, 2009:
http://www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/recycle/tvcomputerguidelines.htm
Maine Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Remediation and Waste Management. 2008. Recycling of Electronic Waste from Households in Maine. 28pp. Accessed October 22, 2009: http://www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/ewaste/pdf/2008ewastereport.pdf
Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance. 2001. Recycling Used Electronics Report on Minnesota’s Demonstration Project. 87pp.
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 2009. Product Stewardship Recommendations Report: Establishing a comprehensive product stewardship approach to reducing environmental and health risks posed by the use or disposal of products in Minnesota. 18pp.
Nixon, Hilary and Jean-Daniel Saphores. 2007. Financing Electronic Waste Recycling Californian households’ willingness to pay advanced recycling fees. Journal of Environmental Management 84(2007) 547-559. 11pp.
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Northeast Recycling Council. 2008. Final Report Green Procurement of Electronics in the New England States: Nerc’s Outreach Campaign to Promote EPEAT. Brattleboro, Vermont. 41pp.
Northeast Recycling Council. 2008. State Electronics Challenge - Northeast Pilot: An Introduction. 34 Slides. Accessed October 15, 2009: http://StateElectronicsChallenge.net
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Product Stewardship Institute Inc. 2009. Battery Performance Metrics: Recommendations for Best Practice. 24pp.
R3 Consulting Group. 2007. Framework for Evaluating End-of-Life Product Management Systems in California. Prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board. 158pp.
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Santa Clara County Department of Environmental Health. 2004. Best Management Practices for Electrical Waste. San Jose, California. 63pp.
Sasaki, Kohei. 2004. Examining the Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management Systems in Japan and Sweden. Lund University Master’s Programme in Environmental Science. Lund, Sweden. 30pp.
Scottish Institute of Sustainable Technology. 2003. Best Practice in Computer Equipment Recycling and the WEEE Directive. Heriot Watt University. Riccarton, Edinburgh. 17pp.
State of Minnesota. 2009. Chapter 115A Waste Management. Video Display and Electronic Device Collection and Recycling. 115A.13.
Stratos Inc. 2007. Performance Measurement and Reporting for Extended Producer Responsibility Programs, prepared for Environment Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. 50pp.
Streicher-Porte, Martin. 2006. SWICO/S.EN.S, the Swiss WEEE recycling systems, and best practices from other European systems. Federal Institute of Technology, ETH. Zurich. 6pp.
SWICO Recycling. 2008. 2008 Activity Report. 22pp.
Washington State Department of Ecology. 2007. Environmentally Sound Management and Performance Standards for Direct Processors, Publication No. 07-07-046. 19pp.
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Washington State Department of Ecology. 2007. Electronics Products Recycling Program Chapter 173-900 WAC, Publication No. 07-07-042. 91pp.
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APPENDIX 5
GLOSSARY
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April 2010
Advanced Recycling Fee (ARF) or Environmental Handling Fee (EHF): A fee applied to the sale of electronics products to provide revenue for the collection, transportation, responsible recycling and administration of regulated electronics in their jurisdictions.
Durable Good: One which may be used repeatedly or continuously over a period of more than a year, assuming a normal or average rate of physical usage. Examples include cars, appliances and electronic equipment.
Energy Recovery: Heat treatment of material in which the heat produced is used to produce energy (electricity or steam) or reduce the energy already required throughout the recycling process. This includes the use of plastics as a fuel substitute during metal recovery. It does not include incineration as a means of disposal.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): A policy approach where the producer of electronic equipment is held responsible, either physically or financially, for its products through the post-consumer stage of the product’s life cycle.
Non-Durable Good: one which is used up entirely in less than a year, assuming a normal or average rate of physical usage. Examples include food, packaging and containers and paper products.
Operating Costs: Program costs associated with the collection, consolidation, transportation and processing of electronic materials for recycling.
Overhead Costs: Program costs associated with administration, communication, management and other costs that are not direct operating costs.
Processing: The dismantling and sorting of electronic products into various materials for recycling and the management of residual materials.
Recycling: The recovery of materials from end-of-life electronics for further use in manufacturing new products.
Refurbishing: Any disassembly of electronics for the purpose of internal testing or troubleshooting; or replacement or repair of non-functioning or obsolete parts, not including consumable items such as batteries, toners, fusers, etc.
Reuse: The provisioning of functioning electronics to another user for its intended purpose, without hardware repair or modifications. The reuse activities are limited to non-intrusive operation verification; cleaning; replacement of consumable items such as batteries, toners, fusers, etc.; data and other information clearing; and software installation.