In the kampungs, the dwellings are categorised into four specific characteristics or types (see Figure III.6):
- The first type is a house with front yards and has permanent fences. This type of dwelling is usually facing the main alley and occupies a relatively large plot of land. Most houses are built around 1950s – 1960s referring to the interviews in the field observation and the style of the buildings. In order to extend the house, such as to build new houses for the owner’s owner, it is often built inside the yard (front or back yard). In some cases, the owner divides the interior of the house by non-permanent walls. Currently, some houses share their spaces with shops, whether these belong to the house’s owner or other people.
- The second type is a two-storey house. This type of dwelling is built in order to extend the house with no vacant land around the original house. The house extension uses light construction such as bamboo, timber, plywood, and other semi-permanent materials. In some cases, the extension is to be rented to another person.
- The third type is a long house that is divided into smaller dwelling units whether one-room dwellings or houses. Each of the divided-units has its access to the alley. Mostly, the owner of the long house lives in one of the units and share its well (as the main clean water source) and toilets with the other renters.
- The last type is a one-room dwelling that has direct access to the alley. It has only one room and sometimes is divided into two rooms with non-permanent material. Similar to long houses, the owner provides a shared well and toilets, but in some cases the renters use the public toilets nearby.
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Figure III. 6 Building typology of the settlements in Keputran Pasar Kecil Gang 3
For almost the last ten years, most dwellings that are located along the main alley (especially near the entrance to the main street) have changed the whole houses or part of the houses as rumah kost. There is a variety of rumah kost in these kampungs in terms of facilities provided and permanency. The most luxurious one is facilitated with private air-conditioning system, private toilets and indoor parking-space for motorbikes, and some have a security guard at the kost’s gate. In contrast, some rumah kost are one-room dwellings made of semi-permanent building materials, unfurnished and with poor access to the alley.
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Figure III. 7 Two types of rumah kost in the kampungs, left is a single room dwelling with shared toilet and well, right is single room with AC, private toilet and a security guard.
In contrast to the building characteristics of the dwellings as mentioned above, there are specific characteristics of warungs in the kampungs, there are:
- Non-permanent warung that occupies part of the alleys by marking its territory through removable furniture in the area. Even though the furniture is movable, the owner rarely moves them. When the shop is closed or in rain, the owner covers their stuff with large plastic covers. In Pasar Kecil Gang 3, this type of warung is mostly located near the two open spaces (grounds), and they are open until late night to serve the relaxation time of the dwellers.
- Warung as an extension of a specific house that occupies part of public spaces or alleys. It usually sells foods, snacks, and drinks, and provides chairs, table and cooking utensils in the extension area. The warung marks its territory by a simple roof supported by wooden columns. The space under the roof is for people to sit and the owner to prepare the food/drinks. The roof is a zinc-sheet nailed to a wooden structure or just a simple plastic sheet.
- Warung that is mobile because it uses a cart or is just hand-carried. Instead of its mobility, the location and time of operation are permanent. The sellers with their carts come to the kampungs at a permanent time and spot. For example, the meatball seller always stops his cart near to the belimbing (belimbing= star fruit) tree at around 6pm every day, and after 3 hours he moves to Banteng ground.
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This type of warung always follows the location of crowds, and later become permanent.
- Warung that takes up shared-space in a house, with or without the same owner. They sell groceries, snacks, refilling mineral water, and some function as salons and advertising agencies. Most of this type are in permanent buildings and open on a regular basis.
Figure III. 8 Specific characteristics of warungs in Keputran Pasar Kecil Gang 3
On average, buildings in the kampungs are mostly one storey building made of bricks and cement, only several made of wood or bamboo. All houses that face the main alley are provided with permanent fences to divide territory. Buildings made from wood or bamboo usually function as warungs, when owners of the shop make this non- permanent extension into the public area or alley. There are several non-permanent houses, which are built on the evicted lands (as will be explained in the next section). These houses are occupied by their previous owners or new illegal occupants. They have built the house by using materials left over from the previous buildings.
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