2. DESARROLLO DEL PROYECTO
2.5 Planimetría
Accounting distributions and subledger journal entries are the foundational pieces of the new accounting framework. Accounting distributions enable a user to define how amounts on a source document impact account balances, such as ledger accounts in General ledger or projects. A subledger journal entry is the accounting entry created for a source document. The subledger journal entry remains in the subledger and can be previewed before a source document is journalized.
With the addition of subledger journal entries, additional performance optimization and summarization rules can be defined for the transfer of the subledger journal entries to General ledger. The transfer process can be defined to occur synchronously or asynchronously. During the transfer process, a user also has the option to summarize the subledger journal entries for similar source documents to reduce the quantity of data in General ledger.
Overview
Item Description
Required Optional. You may or may not use this feature, depending on how you run your business. The functionality is always enabled, but if your business requires no modifications to default ledger accounts, you can choose to not use the functionality.
Feature areas affected Procurement and sourcing
Accounts payable
Accounts receivable
Travel and expense
Stakeholders Business decision makers
Technical decision makers Implementation team members ISVs/developers
Partners
New functionality
Before you journalize a source document, you can preview the accounting entry to verify that the amounts are being journalized to the correct ledger accounts. This view of the accounting entry is called a subledger journal entry.
You cannot modify subledger journal entries directly. To modify subledger journal entries, you must correct the accounting distributions, posting profile, or posting definitions. Accounting distributions are used to define how an amount is accounted for, such as which revenue or expense ledger account an amount is posted to in General ledger. The primary information about an accounting distribution is the amount on the source document line and the ledger account for which that amount is distributed. When there are common patterns that you use to distribute amounts on a source document line, you can use a template of percentage and dimension value combinations. The information in the template is used to create the accounting distributions for amounts on a source document line.
Special considerations
You cannot split accounting distributions for stocked items or fixed assets.
Existing posting profiles are used, so additional setup is not required.
You can set up asynchronous and summarization options.
New terminology is used in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012, as shown in the following table.
Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009 Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Definition Post
Journalize To record a documented business event in the subledger journal.
Post
To record the monetary value of an economic event in a specific account, or to summarize and reclassify general and subsidiary journal account entries into general and subsidiary ledger account entries.
Transaction
Source document An original record that evidences the occurrence of one or more business events. Journal entry A record of a business event.
Transaction A social or physical economic exchange action.
Comparison with Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009
The accounting distribution and subledger journal entry functionality is new in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 and has been implemented in the following source documents:
Purchase requisitions
Purchase orders
Product receipts (previously called PO packing slips)
Vendor invoices
Free text invoices
Travel requisitions
Accounting distributions and subledger journal entries What can you do? Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2009
Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2012
Why is this important?
Preview the accounting entry of a source document before journalizing it in the subledger and transferring it to General ledger.
There was limited visibility of what was actually journalized and transferred to General ledger.
The full accounting entry is displayed in all currencies before it is journalized and transferred to General ledger. Period-end adjustments through a general journal are minimized.
Use a template to define accounting distributions.
Not available Templates can be created for financial dimension values, but not the main account, to create accounting distributions.
Data entry is simplified.
Distribute an amount by using various allocation factors.
Not available An amount can be distributed by amount, by percentage, by quantity, or equally.
A user can define the allocation factor that is used to distribute an amount.
Have the flexibility to define a batch for each source document type, so that you can transfer to General ledger.
Batches were available, but they had to be manually assigned to each source document.
Batches are
automatically created or defined by a user, and are automatically assigned to a source document type. Processing is postponed to maximize responsiveness. Therefore, data entry is faster.
Define how the amount on one source
document line can be accounted to more than one ledger account.
Not available Users do not have to enter a separate source document line for each operating unit. Instead, one line is created, and the accounting
distribution is split.
Operations, not accounting, determines how a source document is recorded.
Define accounting distributions on an upstream source document.
Not available Accounting distributions defined on a purchase requisition are used to determine the
accounting distributions for all downstream source documents (purchase orders, product receipts, and vendor invoices).
The correct persona defines how an amount should be accounted for and consistently used in the lifecycle of the business event.
Support accounting for intercompany transactions. Accounting for intercompany transactions was available only in journals. If a source document supports intercompany transactions, the appropriate due to/due from account entries are created in the subledger journal entry.
The appropriate intercompany
accounting entries are consistently created for any source document that supports intercompany transactions.
What can you do? Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2009 Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Why is this important?
Integrate accounting distributions and project accounting.
Not available Source documents that support project accounting can use the accounting distributions to define how the amount is distributed to projects.
Operations, not project accounting, determines how a source document is recorded.
Validate and reserve budget, based on the accounting distribution information.
Not available A user can define budget control rules and use those rules when entering source documents.
Purchases are
guaranteed to be within budget.
Taxes
Sales tax processing in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 has been updated to help organizations comply with applicable tax laws in numerous countries/regions, including the European Union’s 2010
regulations on value-added tax (VAT) for services. EU sales list reporting has been updated to comply with these changes. Tax rates can now allow up to five decimal places. Changes to calculated taxes for selected source documents are now saved before the source document is journalized. Changes to calculated taxes for selected journals are now saved before the journal entries are posted. Overview
Item Description
Required Yes
Feature areas affected Journals: General journal, Invoice journal, Invoice register, Invoice approval journal, Promissory note journals, Bill of exchange journals, Project expense journal
Source Documents: Customer invoices, Free text invoices, Purchase requisitions, Purchase orders, Product receipts, Project invoices, Travel expense reports, Vendor invoices
Stakeholders Business decision makers
Implementation team members ISVs/developers
Partners
New functionality
Tax rates that contain up to five decimal places can be used.
On January 1, 2010, changes to the rules that govern the place of supply of services took effect. These changes also affect the simplified compliance requirements for European Union (EU) businesses that provide VAT-taxable services in multiple EU member states.
Changes to EU sales list reporting provide more detailed reporting by item, service, or investment amounts.
Special considerations
You must understand how the sales tax functionality in Microsoft Dynamics AX works. For more information, search for “Setting up sales tax codes” and “Setting up sales tax” using the Microsoft Dynamics AX Websearch tool.
Comparison with Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009
Taxes have changed considerably since Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009. Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 includes changes to the following:
Tax rate decimal places for sales tax codes
Save calculated taxes before source documents or journals are posted
Value-added tax (VAT) package for services
Tax rate decimal places for sales tax codes What can you do? Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2009
Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2012
Why is this important?
Use more than two decimal places for tax rates.
Tax rates with three or more decimal places, such as 0.125, were rounded to two decimal places, such as 0.13.
Tax rates can contain up to five decimal places.
Helps organizations comply with local, state, and federal
requirements in various countries/regions.
Save calculated taxes before source documents or journals are posted What can you do? Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2009
Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2012
Why is this important?
Modify and save calculated tax amounts for the following source documents:
Free text invoice Purchase requisition Purchase order Product receipt Vendor invoice Travel expense report
Taxes were recalculated every time a source document was opened, and changes were not saved until the source document was posted (journalized).
You can change calculated taxes for a source document, and the changes are saved, even if the source document is not immediately journalized.
Usability is improved.
Modify and save calculated tax amounts for the following journals: General journal Invoice journal Invoice register Invoice approval journal Promissory note journals Bill of exchange journals Project expense journal
Taxes were recalculated every time a journal entry was opened, and changes were not saved until the journal entry was posted.
You can change calculated taxes for a journal entry, and the changes are saved, even if the journal is not immediately posted.
Usability is improved.
Clear saved sales tax amounts for a sales tax code or sales tax group.
Not available If necessary, you can clear the saved tax amounts for a sales tax code, sales tax group, or item sales tax group.
Improved usability for organization compliance with tax regulations.
Optionally hide sales tax amounts on journal entry forms.
Not available For each journal name, you can select whether to hide or show sales tax amounts on journal entry forms.
Performance is improved.
Value-added tax (VAT) package for services What can you do? Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2009 Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 Why is this important? Set up place-of-supply
rules for services. This feature was available as a regulatory feature update for the affected
countries/regions.
Users can set up different item sales tax groups, and assign the correct reporting type (item, service, or investment).
Facilitates an organization’s compliance with European Union (EU) regulations.
Set up EU sales list
reports. This feature was available as a regulatory feature update for the affected
countries/regions.
Services, investments, and items are listed on EU sales list reports.
Facilitates an organization’s compliance with European Union (EU) regulations.
Sell services across
country/region borders. This feature was available as a regulatory feature update for the affected
countries/regions.
Invoices are processed by using appropriate VAT rates for item and service products.
Rates are automatically calculated.
EU sales list transfer functions reporting What can you do? Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2009
Microsoft
Dynamics AX 2012
Why is this important?
Include line amounts for
services. Only line amounts that included items could be transferred to the EU sales list.
Users can include line amounts for lines that use an item sales tax group that has a reporting type of Service.
Facilitates an organization’s compliance with European Union (EU) regulations.
Include line amounts for
investments. Not available Users can include line amounts for lines that use an item sales tax group that has a reporting type of Investment.
Facilitates an organization’s compliance with European Union (EU) regulations.