Sistema Kanban tipo CONWIP

All 15 participants have some support system that helps them get through their shift and off shift. One participant spoke about police policing. “Police policing is probably one of the most important support systems used today by multiple police departments.” Another participant explained, “policing police is making sure that your fellow police officers are doing the right thing and helping each other get through our shifts.” Not only was police policing revealed by a couple of participants, but peer talking was also another that came up with the other participants. Other police officers spoke about religious beliefs helping them get through their work shifts. “I do not worry about things that I cannot handle, and I try not to stress, but sometimes it is easier said than done. I leave it in the hands of God” said one participant strongly! The second participant who focused on religious beliefs said, “prayer is strong and can get you through a lot.”

Family support was another focus for the response of having a support system. One participant mentioned that his wife was his best supporter. Another participant stated that her dad and husband were her best supports and easy people to talk to. One

participant was not married and mentioned how much of help his girlfriend is to him when he needs someone to talk to. All 15 participants said that it is even stressful and difficult to their families and they are really happy to have such a great support system behind them.

Table 4 shows the opinions of each participant from each of the five developed themes. There weren’t enough participants for each of these opinions to be considered

subthemes. The researcher would like to show their different and similar opinions without showing any transcripts.

Table 4

Subthemes

Similar Opinion Different Opinion

Motivational Factors

To Help Others 6 9

To Protect and Serve 4 11 To be a Role Model/Educate 5 10 Meaning of Responsibility

Accountability 6 9

Doing What’s Right 3 12

Integrity 6 9

Media Effects

No Trust in Media Reporting 6 9 Media Cares for the Media 5 10 About Not Complying Not

Race

4 11

Media Misrepresents Police 6 9 Having a Support System

Police Policing/Peer Talk 6 9

Religion 4 11

Family Support 6 9

Evidence of Quality

Grimes and Schulz stated that it is important for the researcher to remain as bias- free as possible. To remain unbiased, the researcher practiced and integrated reflexivity to minimize research bias (Probst, 2015). Preconceptions and any biases were set aside for the population and noted in the researcher’s personal journal of thoughts and feelings regarding any experiences with police officers in general. The researcher sought to conduct interviews with an open mind and kept a journal in which the researcher recorded reflections, observations, and any other relevant information (Cohen &

Crabtree, 2006; Grimes & Schulz, 2002). Also, the journal includes contact information and dates and times of the all the interviews.

According to Patton, member checking can validate the credibility of interview data. After transcribing the interviews, member checking was accomplished by providing participants with an opportunity to review the accuracy of their transcript. Participants were asked, via mail or e-mail, to review their interview transcripts and make any necessary corrections to anything that did not accurately reflect their experiences. Of the 15 participants, only one participant made a change to the support system. No

corrections changed the meaning of the content of the responses.

Cohen and Crabtree suggested the use of triangulation to ensure that the rigorous qualitative research, as triangulation of data promotes validity and reliability. Member checking, verbatim transcripts, and journal notes provided data triangulation for this study. The interviews lasted from 30 minutes to 60 minutes each and the researcher typed

a verbatim transcript for each participant immediately after each interview. The interviews produced 155 pages of transcript in total that were read, and the researcher noted relevant and significant information in the margins. Strict adherence to the data college protocol and procedure was maintained throughout the process. Many

participants did not like interviewing outside of the police department. Although all participants did not mind interviewing at a library, most preferred to interview in their police department. Williams (2006) recommended validation of the data after reducing the data to cluster the remaining data into major themes. In validating themes, the researcher reviewed the transcripts several times to make sure they were supported. The data were synthesized to provide a description of the entire group, using rich, thick descriptions to convey the meanings and the essences of the perceptions of police officers (Stern & Simes, 1997; Williams, 2006).

Summary

Chapter 4 presented the findings. Using a narrative research design, the researcher wanted to gain the lived experiences and perceptions of police officers. The goal was to understand the phenomena related to how the media have influenced domestic extremists to target police, which affects negative emotions among the police. The first goal was to understand how police officers perceive media influences on domestic extremists. The second goal was to understand how police officers perceive media influences on negative emotions in the police. This study focused on the media effects related to influence of domestic extremist and negative emotions. For analyzing narrative data, 15 police

officers were asked to respond to 15 interview questions that are specific to their perceptions and experiences.

Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed five major themes: (a) having a positive attitude, (b) motivational factors, (c) meaning of responsibility, (d) media effects and (e) having a support system. These themes answered the research questions. All themes were presented along with a composite of the collective experiences and perceptions of police officers who is or was a patrol officer.

Chapter 5 will include the interpretation of findings, implications for social change, and limitations of the study. Recommendations for future research will also be addressed. Chapter 5 will also present comparisons to the literature and the framework of the study.