3. Análisis situacional
3.1. Macroambiente
3.1.3. Factor Social
3.1.3.5. Población de personas con discapacidad
W
orking smart and keeping a tidy shop go a long way toward keeping a workplace safe, but some accidents are beyond your control. Guard against surprises by keeping and using all the proper safety gear.C
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It doesn’t take much dust to cause problems.
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recommends that work-ers be exposed to no more than a teaspoon of dust in a two-car garage.
The dust you can see in your shop is only part of the problem. The most troublesome dust is the particles that are smaller than 10 microns, and they’re invisible to the naked eye. They bypass most of the body’s defenses
and can enter directly into the sinuses and lungs. They also remain in the air for hours, so be sure to keep your mask on even after the air seems clear.
Disposable masks are fine for dealing with this dust, but be sure to get one labeled for wood dust. You’ll get a better fit if it has two bands around the head and a metal strip over the bridge of the nose. Pinch the metal close to your nose to prevent your glasses from fogging.
Hands
Your hands are subject to a variety of dangers when woodworking—sharp tools, splinters, vibration, chemicals, and dirt. Protect them with the right gloves for the job. You’ll need a few different kinds:
Leather:These all-purpose gloves protect against splinters and blistering. Cowhide is cheaper, deerskin more supple.
High-tech cloth:With spandex backs and Kevlar®stress points, these lightweight gloves provide comfort and dexterity for just about any job.
Coated cotton: Close fitting and com-fortable, these gloves are good for handling sheet goods and surfaced lumber.
Vinyl:Vinyl gloves are readily available and inexpensive, but they tear easily and offer little protection against most solvents.
Latex:These gloves are disposable for working with epoxies, glues, and water-based dye finishes, but they don’t stand up well to oil-based solvents.
Nitrile:These provide the best disposable protection from the solvents found in wood-working shops, with the exception of lacquer thinner. They offer good dexterity and more durability, and they are nonallergenic.
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Safety Gear 41
S H O P F I R S T- A I D K I T
M
inor cuts, splinters, and bruises are an everyday part of woodworking.Keep a first-aid kit in the shop so you can clean, treat, and cover wounds promptly.
The best starting kit is one that meets OSHA standards for the construction indus-try. They’re widely available from pharmacies, industrial suppliers, and medical-supply houses. A two- or three-shelf wall-mounted case is convenient and large enough to house all the necessary items. Few kits will contain all the items below; add the miss-ing ones yourself.
CLEANING AND DISINFECTING Alcohol cleansing pads
Antiseptic wipes
Providone-iodine solution (Betadine®) Triple antibiotic ointment
Burn gel or spray
Absorbent gauze compress Fine tweezers and sterilized
needles for splinter removal Eyewash and cup
Saline solution Cotton swabs BANDAGES
Assorted adhesive bandages 2" x 4" elbow and knee bandages Assorted gauze pads
Butterfly closures
Conforming bandage, 2" and 3"
First-aid tape
Triangular bandage/sling
Self-adhesive gauze 1" (for wrapping fingers when sanding)
Sterile eye pads
MEDICATIONS
Pain reliever (aspirin, acetaminophen) Antihistamine tablets (Benadryl®) OTHER
Instant cold compress Clean plastic bags Nonlatex exam gloves
Rehydrating eye drops (GenTeal®) Small scissors
Krazy Glue®(for small cuts on fingers)
Y
ou’ll have to create your first shop wherever you can, most likely in the garage or basement. At this point, you’re not ready to devote much space, time, or money to the project, but it’s important that you carve out an area dedicated to wood-working (see the floor plan on the facing page). If getting at your bench requires much rearranging or means you have to unfold some clever contraption, you’ll soon decide it’s not worth the hassle. If you can set aside even a small place that’s just for woodwork-ing, you’ll be able to go out and work for an hour or two without going through a big production.Set up your bench and clear some space around it to store your tools, materials, and works in progress. The ideal spot has good
access for getting in materials and space for working on big projects—even if you have to shift things around occasionally. You’ll also need good ventilation and plenty
of light.
Wherever you choose, command that space. Don’t make do by merely shoving things aside or working on trash cans or on the floor. Clear out your space and stow things neatly. When you’re doing woodwork-ing, stop periodically and put away the tools you’re not using at that moment. Take the time to use clamps, sawhorses, and other aides rather than pretending you’ll get by without doing it right. Develop these habits from the start, and you’ll generate fewer mistakes and have more fun—in both the short and long runs.