Por enfermedad común o accidente no laboral

Comparison and

A series of clues

Cause and effect

The runner started the race with energy and excitement, but as she crossed the finish line, the fatigue and strain showed on her face.

Elena is a biologist, a scientist who studies living things.

Carl is very dependable. His teachers and his parents know that he is reliable and can be trusted.

An air of jubilation surrounded the members of the science team as they received their medals for first place in the national competition.

The ocelot, jaguar, and mountain lion are all endangered species.

The student group was known for its boisterous meetings, so the principal asked extra teachers to monitor the meeting and keep order.

This sentence contrasts the word fatigue with energy and compares it to strain. This tells you that someone who is fatigued is strained and has no energy.

The sentence describes a biologist as someone who studies living things.

The word dependable is described by the synonyms reliable and trusted.

The setting of the sentence and the action describe a situation that is positive and full of celebration.

The animals that are mentioned are all rare. This tells you something about the word endangered.

Boisterous describes the meetings and tells you that something needs extra supervision.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Break It Down

• Find the root word.

• Write it and ask questions about its meaning.

• Find the affix—the part in front of or after the root word.

• Write it down and use a dictionary to look up its meaning.

In this table, you can see how to break words into their roots and affixes.

Word Root Affix and Meaning Meaning

imperfect perfect im- (not) not perfect

semicircle circle semi- (half) half of a circle

teacher teach -er (one who) one who teaches

backward back -ward (in the direction of) to the back

publicize public -ize (make) make public

Remember New Words

• Say the word aloud.

• Write another sentence using the word.

• Make flash cards that include the word and its meaning.

• Review your flash cards to help you remember the meanings of the new words.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

C. Learn From Visuals

Tables, graphs, photographs, diagrams, and maps are called visuals. Good readers use all kinds of visuals to help them learn.

Active readers

• find the purpose for the visual they see.

• find information in the visual.

• connect the information they find to what they are studying.

Here’s how you can improve your skill in learning from visuals.

When You First Look at a Visual

Scan

• Look at the visual.

• Decide its purpose. Why is it there?

• Find the title.

• Read the caption.

Write

• Write the purpose of the visual. Why is it there?

• Write the key information.

• Write the title of the visual.

• Write the main idea or message.

100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Number of Insects

Months

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

As You Study the Visual

Graphs

Graphs are pictures of related information. A graph tells you something about a specific situation. There are many kinds of graphs. One of the most common is the bar graph.

A bar graph helps you compare similar information about different items.

The separate items being measured are shown as rectangles side by side on the graph.

Diagrams

A diagram is a drawing that has labels on it. It can show how something works or what the parts are called.

A diagram often gives the names of the parts of something, like this diagram of an amoeba. Science books often have many diagrams.

Vacuole

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Amoeba

Cell membrane Grade 6 Grade 7

Grade Level

Number of Students

Grade 8 120

40 20 60 80 100

Number of Students in Each Grade

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Tables

Tables organize words and numbers for easier reading. They have a title, columns (up and down), and rows (side to side). In this table, the columns show the innings, and the rows show the points each team scored.

Maps

Maps give all kinds of different information. Some examples are location, direction, and land features. They can have words, symbols, numbers, lines, and colors.

Coal Fields of the United States

Figure 6.11

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on Earth. The coal deposits of the United States are mainly bituminous coal, which is preferred for electric power generation.

0 500

kilometers

Points Earned in the Baseball Game

Inning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total Points

Green Team 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 5

Blue Team 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 6

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

D. Make Chapter and Section Idea Maps

Active readers organize the information they read.

Active readers

• divide the information into smaller units.

• put the information in a logical order.

Starting Out

Scan and Write

• Scan the chapter for main topics and subheadings—in your biology text-book, red headings are main topics and blue headings are subtopics.

• Scan for boldface key terms.

• Scan for any visuals.

• Write the information in some kind of graphic map.

Here’s an example of one kind of idea map.

Red