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Precedentes inmediatos desarrollados en el contexto andaluz

El espacio urbano como espacio social: una apuesta metodológica

3.2. El estudio de la estructura social urbana

3.2.2. Precedentes inmediatos desarrollados en el contexto andaluz

Photo by Frank Pronesti.

F I G U R E 3 - 2 2 :

Beans. Top row: peruano beans, split baby garbanzo beans, black garbanzo beans; bottom row: cranberry beans, runner cannellini beans, anasazi beans.

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C H E C K - O U T Q U I Z

1. Match the food below with the nutrient(s) it is rich in.

Food Nutrient

White bread Added sugars Whole-wheat bread Natural sugars

Apple juice Fiber

Baked beans Starch

Milk Bran flakes

Sugar-frosted whole oats Cola drink

Broccoli

2. Honey is better for you than sugar.

a. True b. False

3. Carbohydrates prevent protein from being burned for energy so that protein can be used to build and repair the body.

a. True b. False

4. Maltose is made up of galactose and glucose.

a. True b. False

5. Glycemic response refers to how quickly and how high your blood sugar rises after eating.

a. True b. False

6. Eating too much sugar can cause diabetes and hyperactivity in children.

a. True b. False

7. Sugar and starch contribute to dental decay.

a. True b. False

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Check-Out Quiz 113

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8. Wheat bread is an example of a whole-grain product.

a. True b. False

9. Because insoluble fiber aids digestion and adds bulk to stool, it hastens the passage of fecal material through the gut, thus helping to prevent or alleviate constipation.

a. True b. False

10. Legumes are low in fiber and sodium.

a. True b. False

A C T I V I T I E S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N S

1. Carbohydrate Basics

Use iProfile to complete the chart below. Find out how many grams of sugar, starch, and fiber are found in each food. Which food contains the most sugar? Which food has the most starch? Which food is highest in fiber?

Food Sugar (grams) Starch (grams) Fiber (grams)

1. Hamburger meat, 3 ounces cooked ______ ______ ______

2. Chicken wing, 1 wing ______ ______ ______

3. Flounder, 3 ounces cooked ______ ______ ______

4. Boiled egg, 1 ______ ______ ______

5. American cheese, 1 oz ______ ______ ______

6. Sour cream, 1 tablespoon ______ ______ ______

7. White bread, 1 slice ______ ______ ______

8. Whole-wheat bread, 1 slice ______ ______ ______

9. Chocolate cake ______ ______ ______

10. Macaroni, 12cup ______ ______ ______

11. Brown rice, 12cup ______ ______ ______

12. Split peas, 14cup ______ ______ ______

13. Peanuts, 12ounce ______ ______ ______

14. Fresh orange, 1 medium ______ ______ ______

15. Broccoli, 12cup cooked ______ ______ ______

2. Self-Assessment

List how many servings of the following foods you normally eat daily.

Added Sugars Number of Servings

Sugar in coffee or tea ______

Sweetened beverages ______

114 Chapter 3 Carbohydrates

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Activities and Applications 115 Sweetened breakfast cereals ______

Candy ______

Commercially made baked goods, including

cakes, pies, cookies, and doughnuts ______

Jam, jelly, pancake syrup ______

Complex Carbohydrates Number of Servings Whole-grain breads and rolls ______

Ready-to-eat and cooked cereals ______

Pasta, rice, other grains ______

Dried beans and peas ______

Potatoes ______

Fruits ______

Vegetables ______

How do you rate? Do you get at least three servings of whole grains a day? Do you get a daily serving of dried beans and peas? Do you get at least five servings per day of fruits and vegetables combined? Compare the number of servings you have daily of foods high in refined sugars and those high in complex carbohydrates. You should not be choosing too many foods from the added sugars part of the chart until you eat enough servings of grains, fruits, and veg-etables. The idea is to push complex-carbohydrate intake and minimize added sugars.

3. Whole Grain or Refined Grain?

Read the following ingredient labels for breads. Which one is white bread, and which one is whole-grain bread?

A. Made from: Unbromated unbleached enriched wheat flour, corn syrup, partially hydro-genated soybean oil, molasses, salt, yeast, raisin juice concentrate, potato flour, wheat gluten, honey, vinegar, mono- and diglycerides, cultured corn syrup, unbleached wheat flour, xanthan gum, and soy lecithin.

B. Made from: Stone-ground whole-wheat flour, water, high-fructose corn syrup, wheat gluten, yeast, honey, salt, molasses, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, raisin syrup, soy lecithin, mono- and diglycerides.

4. How Many Teaspoons of Sugar?

A. One teaspoon of sugar weighs 4 grams. Determine how many teaspoons of sugar are in each of the following foods, as described on their nutrition labels. Which food contains more sugar? Which food contains more fiber?

Nutrition Facts Nutrition Facts

Amount per serving Amount per serving

Calories 230 Calories 140

Calories from Fat 140 Calories from Fat 20

Total Fat 16 g Total Fat 2.5 g

Saturated 6 g Saturated 0.5 g

Polyunsaturated 1 g Polyunsaturated 1.0 g

Monounsaturated 7 g Monounsaturated 0.5 g

Cholesterol 74 g Cholesterol 0 g

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Sodium 180 mg Sodium 180 mg

Total Carbohydrate 28 g Total Carbohydrate 21 g

Dietary Fiber 0 g Dietary Fiber 5 g

Sugars 24 g Sugars 4 g

Protein 21 g Protein 8 g

B. In a group of two people, determine the number of teaspoons of sugar in a soft drink or another beverage by using the number of grams of sugar on the Nutrition Facts label.

Next, measure out the amount of sugar and place it in a clear glass next to the bever-age. Check out how much sugar is in the drinks your other classmates analyzed.

5. Artificial Sweetener Sleuth

Check your refrigerator and cupboards to see what kind of foods, and how many, contain artificial sweeteners with names such as Equal, aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, Sunette, Sweet One, sucralose, Splenda, and neotame. Make a list.

6. Baking with Alternative Sweeteners

Use the websites for Sweet ’N Low and Splenda to get some recipes using alternative sweeteners.

www.sweetnlow.com www.splenda.com

The first website is for the company that manufactures Sweet ’N Low, the artificial sweet-ener containing saccharin. The second website is for the company that makes Splenda, the artificial sweetener containing sucralose.

On their home pages, click on “Recipes” and choose a recipe. How are these baking recipes different from recipes that use sugar? If possible, make a recipe, such as brownies, using one of these alternative sweeteners and then compare it in taste, texture, and appearance to the same product made with sugar.

7. Using iProfile, click on “Estimating Portion Sizes” at the top of the page. Next, click on “How Many Servings Does My Cereal Bowl Hold? “What Do You Put on Your Bagel?” “What Does a Cup of Pasta or Rice Look Like?” and “How Much Added Sugar Do I Use?”

N U T R I T I O N W E B E X P L O R E R

Joslin Diabetes Center www.joslin.org/Beginners_guide_2854.asp Joslin Diabetes Center is an excellent site to learn almost anything about diabetes. Read

“Carbohydrate Counting 101” and then complete the exercise “Meal Planning.”

National Institutes of Health www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hypoglycemia.html on Hypoglycemia

On this government website, click on “Tutorials: Hypoglycemia” to learn more about this