Presencia de símbolos religiosos en los centros de enseñanza públicos

Arvidson (1997) discussed intuition differently to most authors in that he posits that the issue is not one of probability or that the feeling or knowledge is true or what intuitions are accurate indicators of reality. He believed that the question is simpler. Arvidson asks, what is the transformation of the shape of the field of consciousness in the moment and what is the nature of the reorganisation of consciousness that takes place? The author believes that in an intuitive movement there is a compulsion to attend to its voice and therefore results in, or is the result of transformations in the field of consciousness. It is apparent that care should be used when using the term attention as it may become confused with how the cognitive psychologists use it to describe a factor of conscious processing. It may be more correct to be consistent and use attentionless in this discussion.

Consciousness is described as all that is presented or intended at any moment. Interestingly Arvidson (1997) put forward a trilogy of dimensions in the field of consciousness. The field of consciousness consists of theme, as the focus; thematic- field, as the content of the theme and margin, which is the co-presented items with the theme and thematic-field. Attentional issues now become the movement between these dimensions. This is not an unfamiliar paradigm. When solving a complex mathematical problem attention shifts to the different components of the problem until a sense of rightness exposes itself so that the solution can evolve. In this context human-kind are serial shifters, moving from one problem to the next. Intuitively we know when we are on the right path. Therefore intuition may be presented as a change in attention in our consciousness.

There are many ways to explain any experience. Forman (1996) suggested that awareness is not constructed out of material processes of perceptions in the brain but rather there is a sense of being extended beyond the borders of one’s own body. It is

the sense of an experience. He suggests that it is at the fusion of the experience and consciousness that intuition comes into perception. If intuition or automatic decision- making were beyond any level of awareness the actual sense of the gut feeling would not occur; it would be like driving your car on familiar roads to home, at times it just happens automatically without being consciously aware of the direction you have taken.

Stepping outside the traditional paradigms, Rosch (2000) used biofunctionalism to meld intuition with analytical science. She believed that humans have intuitions about the world and about what it is to be human. Being human is based on

wholeness, causality, a sense of timelessness, the experience of spontaneous action, realness, knowing which senses, wholeness and values are to be lived and the value to be alive and to experience. Knowing, says Rosch, is not captured by any of our present formulations of it (p201). Knowing is total emersion, Rosch commented that:

Biofunctionalism is still a highly abstract and generalised proto-theory, more like a philosophy than a science…… Surely it is cultural insanity that our human sciences should be so out of touch with what humans deeply know about themselves. Einstein said that problems can never be solved with the same mind that created them. (p201)

In summary the nature intuition is complex and remains a debated topic in the

literature. There are two authors of note in the literature on intuition, Vaughan (1979) and Goldberg (1989) these authors categorised the intuitive experience. In doing so they explored the functional nature of the experience of intuition. Science attempted to explain intuition using neurophysical methods this however has not proved to be successful. The main body of support for intuition come from psychology.

Psychology treated intuition as a trait and a right brain activity and therefore can be measured. The MBTI remains a tool still utilised to assess the present of intuiting as a trait.

The argument put forward by authors such as Shirley and Langdon-Fox (1996) and Henley (1999) that intuition is related to awareness and that there is unresolved confusion in the literature between intuition and insight. Interestingly the generally held belief that women are more intuitive than men was not challenged by authors in this section however, this issue will be discussed in the next section of this literature review.

The utility of intuition was addressed by Bowers et.al. (1990) they believed that intuition informed judgments thus linking intuition to decision-making. Authors such as Johnson and Daumer (1993) made an assumption that intuition exists and

examined the conditions where intuition fails. The authors identified the factors that impede both the development and use of intuition.

The authors in this section related intuition to a level of consciousness. As consciousness itself is poorly understood the relationship of consciousness to

intuition is at best supposition. However the attentional issues raised by some authors support a relationship between the consciousness and intuition. There remains many unanswered questions and psychological research has attempted to provide answers to these question.