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Installations for Rearing or Breeding of Livestock

MINIMUM DISTANCE

Installations shall be constructed at the minimum distance resulting from Figure 1 from the nearest residential area, existing or planned, taking into consideration the individual animal mass pursuant to Table 10.

The minimum distance may be less if emissions of odorous substances are reduced by means of primary measures, or odorous waste gas is treated in a waste gas purification facility. The possible reduction of the minimum distance by reducing emissions of odorous substances shall be determined using an adequate method of odour dispersion calculation, the suitability of which shall be proved to the competent authority.

The minimum distance for installations for rearing or breeding species other than those in Table 10, or when they are kept in different conditions, shall be defined on an individual basis.

Figure 1: Minimum Distance Curve

(The top curve shows the minimum distance for poultry and the bottom curve shows the minimum distance for pigs.)

Table 10: Factors for the Conversion of Stocking Density into Animal Live Weight, to be Indicated as Livestock Units*

(1 livestock unit (LU) = 500 kg of animal live weight)

Species Mean Individual Animal

Mass (LU/Animal)

Pigs

Sows during early pregnancy and barren sows, boars 0.30

Sows with piglets up to 10 kg 0.40

Weaner (up to 25 kg) 0.03

Gilts (up to 90 kg) 0.12

Fattening pigs (up to 110 kg) 0.13

Fattening pigs (up to 120 kg) 0.15

0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Animal live weight in livestock units (LU)

M in imu m d is ta n ce ( m )

Species Mean Individual Animal Mass (LU/Animal)

Poultry

Laying hens 0.0034

Chickens (up to 18 weeks) 0.0014

Broilers up to 35 days 0.0015

Broilers up to 49 days 0.0024

Breeding Peking ducks (up to 3 weeks) 0.0013

Fattening Peking ducks (up to 7 weeks) 0.0038

Breeding muscovy ducks (up to 3 weeks) 0.0012

Fattening muscovy ducks (up to 10 weeks) 0.0050

Breeding muscovy ducks (up to 3 weeks) 0.0022

Fattening turkeys, hens (up to 16 weeks) 0.0125 Fattening turkeys, roosters (up to 21 weeks) 0.0222

When installations are erected, there must be, as a rule, a minimum distance of 150 m from plants sensitive to nitrogen (e.g. tree nurseries, cultivated plants) and sensitive ecosystems (e.g. heath, moor, forests).

CONSTRUCTIONAL AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

As a rule, the following constructional and operational requirements shall be applied: a) Highest possible level of cleanliness and dryness in the stall

This includes keeping the feeding racks, areas for droppings, running and lying, the aisles, the stall installations and the outside areas around the stall clean and dry. Loss of drinking water shall be avoided by using water-saving technology.

b) The amount of feed put down shall be measured so that there is as little as possible left over; leftovers shall be removed regularly from the stall. Rotten or inedible feed or leftovers shall not be stored in the open. If odour-intensive

d) Optimum climate in the stall

For stalls with forced ventilation, DIN 18910 (1992 version) shall be observed. The type of waste air conduction shall be adapted to the conditions of each particular location on an individual basis.

If possible, naturally ventilated stalls shall be aligned with a ridge axis perpendicular to the main wind direction allowing air to flow freely and have additional apertures for ventilation in the gable ends.

e) When a solid manure system is used, sufficient bedding shall be spread to reduce odour emissions. The bedding must be dry and clean.

Dung yards for storage of solid manure with a dry mass content of less than 25 per cent shall be erected on an impermeable concrete slab pursuant to DIN 1045 (1988 version) or an equally suitable sealing material. The liquid manure generated shall be fed into containers with no drainage. In order to reduce wind-induced emissions, the dung yard shall be walled in on three sides and shall have as small a surface as possible.

f) In order to reduce odour emissions from the stall, when slurry systems are used, droppings and urine generated shall be transferred to the slurry store continuously or at short intervals. A stench trap shall be installed between the stall and external slurry channels and stores.

g) Installations for storing and transfilling commercial liquid fertilizer shall be erected pursuant to DIN 11622 (1994 version) and DIN 1045 (1988 version). For interim storage of slurry in the stall (in the slurry cellar), the capacity shall be dimensioned in a way that, in case of under-floor suction, the maximum fill level is 50 cm below the slatted floor; otherwise, 10 cm are sufficient.

When under-floor suction is being carried out, air from the stall shall be sucked out directly under the slatted floor at low speed (maximum 3 m/s).

h) Slurry shall be stored (outside the stall) in enclosed containers, or equivalent emission reduction measures achieving an emission reduction ratio, as related to the open uncovered container, of at least 80 per cent of the emissions of odour-intensive substances and ammonia shall be applied.

After agitating or land spreading of the slurry, any artificial floating cover shall subsequently be immediately restored to its functional state.

When liquid cattle manure is stored, no additional cover is required if a natural floating crust is formed.

i) The storage capacity for commercial liquid fertilizer to use as fertilizer for own purposes shall be dimensioned in a way that it is sufficient for at least 6 months, plus a supplement for generated precipitation water and cleaning water; the supplement for precipitation water may be waived if a suitable cover ensures that no rainwater can enter into the containers. For commercial liquid fertilizer, which is passed on to third parties for further use, correct storage and application shall be secured by contract.

The following supplementary requirements shall apply to installations for rearing or breeding poultry:

j) In cage rearing, drying or ventilation of the dropping belt is obligatory (drying rate at least 60 per cent). Dried poultry droppings shall be stored in a way that there is no re-humidification (e.g. by rainwater) in the area of the installation. When the poultry are free-range, the installation and adjacent runs shall be planned and designed in a way that nutritional depositions by the droppings do not lead to harmful environmental impacts, particularly with respect to soil and water conservation.

The following supplementary requirements shall apply to installations for breeding fur-bearing animals:

k) Fresh feed for carnivorous fur-bearing animals shall be delivered daily in the summer months and at least three times a week in winter. The animal feed shall be stored in closed insulated containers (storage temperature of the animal feed 4 °C or less). If, notwithstanding this, longer storage periods or animal feed deliveries at longer intervals are necessary, the animal feed shall be stored sealed and frozen.

l) Sufficient bedding shall be spread under the cages in order to reduce emissions of odour-intensive substances.

m) Manure under the cages shall be removed at least once a week.

n) Storage of excrements is only permissible in enclosed rooms or containers. Constructional and operational requirements shall be weighed up against the requirements of animal husbandry appropriate to the species, if this form of animal husbandry leads to higher emissions.

GERMS

The possibilities to reduce emissions of germs and endotoxins by state of the art techniques shall be examined.