Presentación de Estados Financieros

Based on the finding of the present study, the following recommendations are considered.

1. The Secondary School Chemistry Curriculum should be renewed by NUT, STAN and NUC respectively without further delay. It should allow the use of students’ alternative conceptions for bridging exercise “step by step to lead the student to correct explanation starting from what they already believed.

2. Concept test for formative assessments should be developed for many classes (levels) in chemistry. If such a test used difficult conceptions as distracters (wrong answers) and if it is used as a pre-test and post-test for the same class, the resulting data are potentially useful for research.

3. Maps of chain of conceptual growth should be developed in chemistry by collecting a research and data on how conceptions evolved overtime and students should be led through it in a semester. The result would be a kind of atlas of students’ concept growth.

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APPENDIX I

USMANU DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY SOKOTO FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND EXTENTION SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

QUESTIONNIARE FOR STUDENTS

We are students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, in the Faculty of Education and extension services, department of science and vocational Education.

We are carrying out a research project on the topic “Difficult concepts in chemistry and their effect in the academic achievements of students in secondary schools within Sokoto metropolis.

We hope you will kindly give us your cooperation by given your free and un-bias opinion.

Please indicate your opinion by putting a tick [√ ] where applicable. All information obtained will be kept with utmost confidentiality, thanks.

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SECTION A (Socio-demographic characteristics) AGE RANGE

11-14 years [ ], 15-18 years [ ], 19-22 years [ ] GENDER

Male [ ] Female [ ]

CLASS

S. S 1 [ ], S. S 2 [ ] S. S 3 [ ] SECTION B (concepts perceived difficult)

Please tick [√] appropriately according to your understanding and in

concordance to how and if you perceive the following chemistry concepts difficult in their respective Likart-scale.