PRESENTACION DE LA PROPUESTA

According to previous research, proprietary training has also been established in Australia (Lundberg 1994), Germany (Buer1995), Japan (Harnisch, 1994) and so on. In the strict sense, for-profit institutions use strict business principles of operation, such as targeting specific group of customers or developing standardized “products”, and such is an international phenomenon, as shown in table 2-10 (compiled by the author, with no attempt to include all examples).

Table 2-10 Non-US For-Profits

Country Country Country

Country CompanyCompanyCompanyCompany namenamenamename HomepageHomepageHomepageHomepage UK Daily Mail and General Trust www.dmgt.co.uk

University of Liverpool www.liv.ac.uk

NCC Education www.nccedu.com

Australia IBT www.ibteducation.com

Singapore Raffles Education Corp. www.raffles-education-corp oration.com

APMI www.apmi.edu.sg

Malaysia INTI International University College www.intimal.edu.my

India NIIT www.niit.com

Pakistan Beaconhouse www.beaconhouse.net

Cyprus Intercollege www.intercol.edu

Americanos College www.ac.ac.cy

Cyprus College www.cycollege.ac.cy

Mexico Universidad de las Américas www.udlap.mx

Global for-profit education is greatly influenced by major "Edupreneurs" from the U.S., for instance, U.S. based Kaplan Higher Education International, has already established two large education providers in the U.K., in cooperation with Bridgepoint Education. Laureate Education has also set up branches in many European countries. In fact, these global "Edupreneurs" have for a long time been operating in regions with large populations like Asia and South America. These areas, with high percentage of young people and centralized higher education system, which fail to address the increasing educational demand promptly, are always heated destinations of global education industry. A major strategy of these international education providers marching into a new market is through merger and acquisition. This is also true for any expansion of a domestic provider (Savelberg, 2008). Table 2-11 summarizes a list of M&A deals in Asia (except China). Table 2-12 and 2-13 list Merger and Acquisition deals in South America and Europe respectively.

Table 2-11 Merger and Acquisitions in education sector in Asia (except China)

Time Time Time

Time TargetTargetTargetTarget EnterpriseEnterpriseEnterpriseEnterprise NationalityNationalityNationalityNationality InvestorInvestorInvestorInvestor NationalityNationalityNationalityNationality 01.02.08 China Education Singapur Raffles Education Singapur 01.02.08 Hartford Education Singapur Raffles Education Singapur 12.09.07 INTI Universal

Holdings

Malaysia Laureate Education

USA

14.08.07 Bradford College Australien Kaplan USA

27.06.07 NIIT Indien Citigroup Global

Market

Indien

02.02.07 Australian College Business & Technology

Sri Lanka IBT Education Australien

Table 2-12 Merger and Acquisition in education sector in South America

Time Time Time

Time TargetTargetTargetTarget EnterpriseEnterpriseEnterpriseEnterprise NationalityNationalityNationalityNationality InvestorInvestorInvestorInvestor NationalityNationalityNationalityNationality 22.01.08 Faculdades Integradas Padre Anchieta de Guarapari (FIPAG) Brasikien Kroton Educacional Brasilien 12.12.07 Uniao Metropolitana de Ensino Paranaense Brasilien Kroton Educacional Brasilien 01.09.07 Universidad Privada Del Norte

Peru Laureate Int'l

Universities (Laureate Education)

USA

Source: Thomson Financial. (Compiled by the author)

Table 2-13 Merger and Acquisitions in education sector in Europe

Time Time Time

Time TargetTargetTargetTarget EnterpriseEnterpriseEnterpriseEnterprise NationalityNationalityNationalityNationality InvestorInvestorInvestorInvestor NationalityNationalityNationalityNationality 06.11.07 Primrose Friskola Schweden Anew Learning

Group -Bure

Equity

Schweden

30.10.07 The British School of Barcelona Spanien Cognita UK 24.10.07 Docando SL y Colegio Internacional Nueva Alcantara

Spanien Colegios Laude Spanien

01.10.07 Progressive Schools-Yorks

UK Cognita UK

11.09.07 Fenestra Utbildning Schweden Anew Learning

Group -Bure Equity Schweden 04.09.07 Technical Health Colleges of TERTIA Edusoft Schweiz

Switzerland SRH Holding Germany

02.08.07 Portobello College Dublin

Irland Dublin Business School-Kaplan Irland 06.03.07 Cambridge Education Group UK Palamon Capital Partners UK 22.02.07 Nordic Technical Institute-NTI

Schweden AcadeMedia Schweden

25.01.07 Istituto Marangoni Italien Career Education USA

Source: Thomson Financial. (Compiled by the author)

At the same time, other providers also swarm into the market of post-secondary education and training services, displaying for-profit characteristics, if not in the strict sense of for-profit institution.

� _{For-profit arms of traditional universities.}

Such providers, with the support of "mother" university especially in terms of resources and experiences, now extend their offering to working adults. Examples include NYU’s School of Continuing and Professional studies.

� _{Virtual universities.}

Conventional university service is also provided by virtual universities but mainly via information and communication technology. Examples are abundant: National Technological University (Sylvan); Open Learning Agency of Australia; Western Governors University; Open University worldwide (UK); Army

University Access Online, and so on.

� Corporate training25_.

Corporate training is generally offered by multinational companies as spin-offs. Except for the interior training for their employees around the globe, those mature programs are also used to train life-long learners, suppliers and customers, sometimes deliver certificates and even degrees. Many multinational campanies are favorable providers in this category, such as General Electric Crotonville; Motorola University; McDonalds Hamburger University; Sun Microsystems Educational Services; Fordstar; Microsoft’s Certified Technical Education Centers (CTECs) and so on.

� Partnerships26_.

This often refers to as PPP, an abbreviated form of Private-Public-Partnership or Public-Private-Partnership, Universitas 21, Trium EMBA (LSE, Stern of New York, HEC Paris), and U21global (U21& Thomson learning)27 _{for instance.}

25 Comments and cases: over 1600 in 1998 in North America; 42% of all American “corporate universities” provide courses for which a degree could be granted at an educational institution. For example, Microsoft: 1700 franchised private training companies (CTECs) internationally, using Microsoft Certified trainers and the Microsoft Official Curriculum.

26 _{Increasing number of partnerships and ventures in e-learning and international} programs

27 _{U21 global: online University concentrating on the postgraduate business education} sector in Singapore, Malaysia, and Hong Kong, with expansion plans targeting students in Africa, China, and Latin America.