UNIT 0
RESOURCES
Resource folder
• Reinforcement and extension
– Reinforcement: Worksheet 5 – Extension: Worksheet 5
• Assessment
– Assessment: Worksheet 5
• Developing intelligence worksheets
• Working with recent immigrants
PHOTOCOPIABLE RESOURCES SPECIAL PROGRAMMES *
Internet resources
www.richmondelt.com www.indexnet.santillana.es Life cycles http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/9_10/ life_cycles.shtmlInteractive activities for different age groups with resources for teachers. Useful for students and teachers. Science
http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/science/science.htm Ideas, resources, worksheets and lesson plans.
Useful for teachers. Plant reproduction
http://www.thetomatozone.co.uk/# Colourful activities for students. Science resources
http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/online/plant.swf Online activities, interactive presentations and teaching tools. Useful for students and teachers.
Other resources
• Richmond World Facts
• Richmond Student's Dictionary
• Flashcards
• Posters
* Not yet available in English www.richmondelt.com
LEVEL
5
IT’SALL IN THE
SOIL
16 LIFE CYCLES
Life cycles
LOOK
1. The life cycle of vertebrates
Like people, other vertebrates change. They pass through different stages: infancy, adulthood and old age. The adult stage is the longest life stage for vertebrates. When animals are adults they reproduce (have babies). Mammals are viviparous animals. They are born from their mother’s womb. Birds and other vertebrates are oviparous animals. They are born from eggs.
2. The life cycle of invertebrates
Invertebrates also change. Some invertebrates, like butterflies, change a lot from one stage to another.
•First, the adult female butterflies lay eggs.
A larva, that looks like a worm, comes out of each egg.
•Next, the larva stays still while its skin becomes hard. This is a cocoon (pupa).
•Finally, the pupa opens and a butterfly comes out. This is the adult animal.
Invertebrates are oviparous. They are born from eggs. READ
Look at this photo.
•Which animal is the adult?
•Are the babies like the adult?
larva
The life cycle of a butterfly
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➧
➧
eggs cocoon (pupa) adult butterfly➧
Complete the sentence. The four stages of a butterfly’s life cycle are…
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CONTENT AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Vocabulary. Write the following words and sentences on the BB. The Ss copy and complete them with the appropriate word.
eggs / viviparous / hard / butterfly / oviparous 1. … animals are born from eggs.
2. … are born from their mother’s womb. 3. Adult female butterflies lay …
4. The larva stays still while its skin becomes … 5. The pupa opens and a … comes out.
Answers: 1. oviparous. 2. viviparous. 3. eggs. 4. hard. 5. butterfly. 1
Content objectives: 1. Language objectives: 1.
Vocabulary
adult stage, cocoon, eggs, larva, life cycle, oviparous, vertebrate, viviparous
M.A …egg, larva pupa (cocoon), adult.
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Special attention
• Associating the different stages in the life cycle of some invertebrates with the same animal
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Hands on
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Presentation
• Ss observe the photo. Ask: Which is
the adult bird? How is it different? (the one on the left. It has dark feathers. The babies are smaller and have light-coloured
feathers.)
• Write on the BB the words
adulthood/infancy /old age and ask the SS
to say in which order they occur. Ask the Ss during which stage animals have babies.
Then the Ss read and listen to .
• Tell the Ss to look at the diagram of the life cycle of the butterfly. Ask: Does the larva
lay eggs? What does the larva become? What comes out of the pupa (cocoon)?
• Play to practise the vocabulary.
• The Ss read and listen to . Then they
do the activity at the bottom of the page. Activity Book, page 18.
R ➔ 39 2 38 37 1 READ LOOK
• Put some silkworms in a cardboard box with white mulberry leaves. • After a few days, ask Ss to observe
them. Ask: What has happened? (they
have made pupas) (cocoons)
• Ask: What happens when the pupas
(cocoons) open? (white moths come out)
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Special attention
• Realising that fish take oxygen from the water to breathe
• Understanding that some aquatic mammals breathe air
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Hands on
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Presentation
• Ss look at the photo of the goats.
Ask: What is the name of these animals? What are they eating?
• The Ss look at the zebra, the duck and the fish. Ask: Which has a different breathing
system? (the fish because it lives in water)
• Explain that the duck and the zebra have lungs and a breathing tube. The air enters from the outside and goes into the lungs. • Gills function like lungs. Water enters the
mouth and leaves through the gills. The oxygen from the water passes into the animal’s blood.
• Ask: Do dolphins have gills or lungs?
How do dolphins breathe?
• Ss listen to and and read and .
Then they answer the questions at the bottom of the page.
2 1 41 40 LOOK LIFE CYCLES 17
Animals eat and breathe
1. Animals need to eat
All animals need to eat.
Herbivores eat plants, and carnivores
eat other animals.
Omnivores eat plants and animals. Animals digest their food. •Digestion begins in the mouth.
It continues in the other organs of the digestive system,
like the stomach and the intestine.
•The waste is transformed into faeces. It is expelled through the anus.
2. Animals need to breathe
•Many animals, like zebras and ducks, breathe through their lungs.
•Other animals, like insects, breathe through a tracheal system. Small tubes carry air to the different parts of an insect’s body.
•Most aquatic animals, like fish, collect oxygen from the water through their gills.
•Some aquatic animals, like dolphins, come to the surface for air. They fill their lungs with air, and then swim under water. Animals use food and oxygen to make energy and proteins for growth. READ
Goats are herbivorous animals.
Many land animals breathe through their lungs.
gills
Fish breathe through their gills.
lungs
zebra duck
fish
lungs
Do fish breathe like people? Do zebras breathe like people?
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CONTENT AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Comprehension. Write the following sentences on the BB.
The Ss listen to again and then decide if the sentences
are true or false.
1. Zebras and ducks breathe through their gills. 2. Insects breathe through a tracheal system.
3. Small tubes carry water to the different parts of an insect’s body.
4. Fish collect oxygen from the water through their gills. 5. Dolphins come to the surface for air.
Answers: 1 – False. They breathe through their lungs. 2 – True. 3 – False. Small tubes carry oxygen … 4 – True. 5 – True.
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1
Content objectives: 2, 3, 4, 8. Language objectives: 2, 3, 4.
Vocabulary
anus, breathe, carnivores, digestive system, faeces, gills, herbivores, mouth, omnivores, tracheal system
M.A. No, fish collect oxygen from water through their gills.
Yes, zebras breathe air through their lungs like people.
Studying fish gills
• Take several fish to class and point at the operculum, a hard flap protecting the gills. These are located on both sides of the head behind the eyes. • Lift the operculum with a pair of
tweezers to show the gills.
Fresh fish. In fresh fish the gills are bright red (oxygenated blood) and the eyes are shiny.
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Special attention
• Identifying the different types of plant reproduction
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Hands on
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Presentation
• The Ss look at the pictures of the
onion. Ask: Where do the roots grow? (on
the part touching the water) Where do the leaves grow? (on the part in the air)
• The Ss then look at the drawing of
the tulip. The bulb is underground and the roots grow underground, but it has an aerial stem.
• Tell them to look at the potato plant and ask: What grows underground? (tubers and
roots) Is there an aerial stem? (yes)
• Show the Ss the illustration of the germination process and how fruit forms on pages 35 and 36 in Book 3.
• Play to practise the vocabulary.
• The Ss listen to and and read
and . They then do the activity at the
bottom of the page.
Activity Book, page 19.
R ➔ 2 1 44 43 42 READ LOOK
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CONTENT AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Vocabulary. Write on the BB the words: stem / bulb / roots / leaf / flower. Then draw a tulip and add lines to indicate the different parts of the plant. The Ss copy the drawing and then label it with the words. They check their answers in the textbook.
Comprehension. Write the following sentences on the BB. They all contain one mistake which the Ss must find and correct. 1. Plants can’t reproduce in different ways.
2. When the fruit is ripe, the plant closes.
3. When a seed begins to grow it is called termination.
Answers: 1. Plants can …. 2. … the plant opens. 3. … it is called germination. 2 1 tulip roots stem leaf flower bulb
Describe the three steps of germination. First,... Then,... Finally,…
18 LIFE CYCLES
LOOK