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The multicast service is delivered using a MVPN solution. The following figure provides an overview of the network solution for multicast traffic.

Figure 23: Network Solution - Multicast Implementation

The End-Us sends an IGMP Join to multicast group 239.1.1.1 (IGMP v.2 is supported) to the ONT/DSLAM. The ONT/DSLAM swaps VLAN ID 10 with the multicast S-VLAN tag 1101 that identifies the Operator. For fibre access the ONT snoops and forwards to the OLT. When the Join is received at the OLT/DSLAM on VLAN 1101, the OLT/DSLAM sends the traffic towards the open eir PE node.

At the open eir PE Node the Operator multicast VPN within the NGN core network. The Operator's RP address is configured as part of the MVPN so that IGMP joins from the OLT/DSLAM can be forwarded as PIM joins to the Operator.

At the WEIL a dedicated VLAN is configured to carry all multicast traffic.

ONT ONT ONT ONT OLT eircom NGN Node eircom NGN Node eircom NTU Operator A Handover Site

Operator A User 1 Operator A User 2 Operator B User 3 Operator B User 4 1100 = unicast 1101 = multicast Multicast Core 1200 = unicast 1201 = multicast RG (CPE)CPE IGMP join 239.1.1.1 MVPN MVPN Operator Network MVPN eircom NGN PE _eircom NGN PE PIM adjacency MVPN MVPN VPLS VPLS eircom NGN Network RP WEIL VLAN 1201 VLAN 1101 MVPNx MVPNy WEIL NGN Node 1 Unicast NGN Node 2 Unicast Multicast

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For efficiency and scalability a single copy of every multicast stream offered by an Operator is carried from the Operator -off point, through the core network, to the OLT and PON or DSLAM connecting to the End-User. At no point in this path is the channel data replicated unnecessarily. The core network uses the PIM routing protocol to build a multicast tree from the Operator router to the OLT/DSLAM. For fibre access the OLT takes advantage of the shared PON medium to transmit a single stream to all End-Users. The DSLAM will transmit a stream per End- User.

The multicast streams from the Operators are transmitted from the encoders as IP packets with multicast addresses. These are grouped into a VLAN and sent to open eir at the Operator hand- off WEIL. open eir multicasts the streams across the core and a single copy of each stream is sent to every OLT/DSLAM. At the OLT/DSLAM a multicast VLAN is configured for each Operator such that there is clear separation of streams between Operators.

When a GPON/VDSL2 End-User joins the multicast group for a stream the OLT/DSLAM transmits a copy of that stream onto the PON/DSLAM VDSL2 port associated with that End-User. The OLT uses a special multicast GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method) channel on the PON to carry this data. The DSLAM will transmit this data in the EF queue. For fibre access the data is transmitted once on the PON and is available to any of the 31 other End-Users should they join that multicast group.

In respect of fibre access, while the multicast traffic is visible on the PON side of all 32 ONTs, the data is not forwarded to the End-User

been seen by the ONT.

Multicast traffic is not encrypted by the OLT, unlike unicast traffic. Through the use of filters, the OLT is configured with a set of group addresses for each Operator multicast VLAN. End-User ONTs are then permitted access to subsets of these group addresses on an Operator multicast VLAN. This restricts End-Users to receiving only those streams that are transmitted by their Operator.

There is no requirement to agree on the multicast address space used by each Operator because the multicast traffic will be carried in an MVPN in the NGN core network.

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4.5.1

Access Node customer multicast settings

In order to enable multicast support for a VDSL or FTTH customer, a multicast user is associated with the VDSL port/ONT and bound to the multicast VLAN to create a multicast member.

The NGA Access Node (DSLAM or OLT) controls the maximum number of multicast groups that can be joined from an individual VDSL port or ONT. For each subscriber, this is set to the maximum value, 32.

Quick leave, also known as fast-leave/immediate-leave, is enabled on the Access Node and is MAC based. When IGMP Join messages are received by the Access Node, the Access Node generates a multicast group membership table that contains the multicast user and the MAC addresses of the multicast group members (i.e. the set-top boxes (STBs)) of the multicast user. A maximum of eight MAC addresses is supported for each multicast group/program. When the Access Node receives an IGMP leave message, it deletes the MAC addresses in the multicast group membership table, and it stops forwarding the multicast stream when all the MAC addresses associated with the multicast user are deleted so that the associated bandwidth is released immediately.

Multicast authentication is not enabled in the Access Node so IGMP Join messages for any multicast group address will be proxied by the Access Node to the NGN multicast VPN.

Table 1Table 1 contains the values for the Access Node parameters associated with the multicast

user.

Parameter Function Value

Max-program Limitation on the number of programs that can be watched concurrently by the multicast user

32

quickleave Quick leave/fast leave mode of the multicast user. enabled and MAC-based

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Parameter Function Value

global-leave Indicates whether to process the global-leave packet received on the user side.

A global leave is an IGMP leave where the group address is 0.0.0.0, indicating a request from a multicast user to leave all multicast groups.

Disable

IGMP version Multicast user IGMP version version 3

max- bandwidth

Maximum multicast bandwidth no-limit

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5.

VLAN Management, Forwarding Model and Security