PRESUPUESTO TOTAL $ 55.170.000

Secondary data for this study has been gathered in two steps. In first step, before going to the study area literatures were consulted in BIGD library. It includes book chapters, publications, journals, census reports, important articles, thesis reports, related news/articles published in newspapers and internet. In the second step, during the field survey, secondary data/materials were collected from local offices.

4.2.1 Land Survey Records   Cadastral Survey

During the British regime colonial power conducted the first land survey in areas which is now recognized as Bangladesh. It was a cadastral survey which started in 1890 and completed in 1940. Mauza map prepared by that time is known as CS Mauza Maps.

State Acquisition Operation

After Pakistan had been created in 1947, the Pakistan Government conducted a survey from 1956 to 1963, known as State Acquisition (SA) Survey. The mauza maps prepared at that survey are known as SA map.

Revisional Settlement survey

The Pakistan government also started a Revisional Settlement survey in 1966 to reduce difficulties faced by the State Acquisition survey has resulted thousands of civil cases being filed over landownership. This survey has not yet been completed. RS has been completed only in six districts. Department of survey has completed Mymensingh district survey in 2012.The survey is going on another 10 district in Bangladesh. The maps prepared by RS survey are known as RS Mauza map.

4.2.2 Collection and Processing of Mauza Maps

First geo-code information of Shibalaya upazila has been downloaded from the internet to get JL numbers of the desired mauza maps. Then the mauza maps have been collected from the directorate of land records, Tejgaon, Dhaka. Then mauza maps have been scanned with the help of Auto Cad Machine. Both soft and hard copies of the Mauza maps have been used for further studies.

4.2.3 Google Earth Platform

Google earth is a virtual glove, map and geographical information program that was originally called Earth Viewer3D, and was created by Keyhole Inc (Mahmud, 2013). It maps the earth by the superimposition of images which obtained from satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS 3D globe. From the Google earth diversified topography of the real world can be visualized. Physical and Cultural features was analyzed from the Google Earth of the study area. Mauza maps have been overlapped on the Google platform for details study of the area.

(Source: Google Image Landsat, 2015) Figure 4.2: Google Earth Pro

4.2.4 Google Earth Imagery/Data/Image Process Technique

In this research Google Earth and GIS both techniques have been used for image and data processing. Google earth image for December 2006, January 2013 and July 2015 have been

widely used by the Author for details information and data base development on land feature, land use and calculation of erosion of the study area.

4.2.5 Google Earth working process

At the very beginning study area had been located in Google earth software. Detected the feature and identified them. Then digitized them and measured the extent. Finally I produced map by Arcview 3.3 and ArcGIS 10.2.1; to identify physical and cultural features and to assess the significant features. The following procedures have been maintained:

-At first, the study area has been located in Google Earth software and gave a boundary by comparing it with administrative mauza maps.

-Then, different feature like river, road, settlement, vegetation have been detected with personal observation and Google Earth image information.

-After detecting features, digitized them according to their shape and size using digitizing tools- point, path and polygon.

-For digitizing large features like vegetation, pond or agriculture land, polygon tool has been used.

-Digitizing linear features like road, footpath, etc path tool has been used.

-Again for digitizing small and scattered features like settlement and infrastructure etc. point tool has been used.

-For area measurement ruler tool of Google Earth software, ArcGIS dbf file and Excel file have been used.

For producing maps this Google earth document has been converted to shape file of ArcView 3.3 and ArcGIS 10.2.1 software’s.

4.2.6 Internet

Now is the era of Information and communication technology. Internet is now the leading information source of the world. I have read lots of published articles related to riverbank erosion from the internet.

4.2.7 Census Report and Statistical Data base.

For Demographic information Census report is very important. Census report can provide details data base on population, household, education status of the area, income of the households etc. Statistical database of different office is another important data source of this report. Current data base on population, growth rate, population density and other demographic information was collected from Bangladesh Bureau of statistics and disastrous related information from Upazila Project Implementation Officer.

4.2.8 Government and Non-Government websites

For my study I have widely browsed the websites of Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), Bangladesh River Research Institute (BRRI), Joint River Commission, Bangladesh, Disastrous Management and Rehabilitation Cells of PM office, Ministry of Water resources Bangladesh, IUCN, FAO, BRAC, BSS, District web portal of Manikganj and web portal of Shibalaya Upazila.

4.2.9 Books/Thesis papers/Publications/Journals

Books and publications are another important secondary source of information for the literature review and writing of my thesis paper.

4.2.10 Newspaper Reports/Articles

Several news paper articles on riverbank erosion in Shibalaya, Daulatpur, and Manikganj especially Bank erosion of Jaffarganj, Teota, Shibalaya encouraged the Author to select the topics of dissertation of MAGD program. Special thanks to the Daily Star and Financial Express for their important news.

4.2.11 Government and Non-Government Documents

For collection of secondary information the Author has visited and collected information from the following offices-

1. Directorate of land records and survey, Tejgaon, Dhaka.

2. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Manikganj 3. Bangladesh Water Development Board, Manikganj 4. UNO Office Shibalaya, Manikganj

5. Office of Statistics, Shibalaya

6. Project Implementation Office, Shibalaya.

7. BRAC Local Office Shibalaya

8. Land Survey and Settlement Office Shibalaya 9. BIWTA, Aricha, Shibalaya, Manikganj 10. Union Parishad, Shibalaya and Teota 11. Union Land office Shibalaya and Teota

12. Department of Geography and Environment, Jahangirnagar University, Saver, Dhaka.