CAPÍTULO II DE LAS CONCESIONES
DE LA PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN DEL AGUA
Working with an Architect
Whether the school nutrition program director is involved in renovations, additions, or new construction, they will need to work with an architect and be able to read architectural drawings.
Like many professions, architecture has its own unique methods for conveying information.
Architects communicate using drawings and words to describe how a building will look and function but, the drawings he/she prepares can be complicated and difficult to understand. On the other hand, non-architects must clearly understand what an architect does and what the drawings say in order to give the architect feedback and make sure that they are satisfied with what the architect has done. Architects provide work in six phases of the construction.
1. Programming – The most preliminary phase is to understand what the client needs in terms of space and function. The architect understands these needs through information
chapter Four – plaNNiNgthe project These drawings show the general arrangement of spaces and their relationship to one another. These sketches commonly take the form of bubble diagrams.
3. Design Development – These drawings are drawn to scale and show the complete building and all spaces and functions required by the program. The design shown in the drawings is flexible, in that it allows for the architect and client to make changes and revisions. These drawings include plans, sections, elevations, and sketch details. They also begin to show work of the consultants such as mechanical, structural, and electrical considerations.
4. Construction Documents – Final drawings are produced by the architect as a detailed set of instruc tions for the contractor. Written specifications are also produced which give detailed information about the quality of workmanship and materials expected. All the information relevant to the building is shown on these drawings which are issued to contractors and owners in the form of blue line drawings. They are to scale and include a complete site plan, architectural, mechanical, plumbing, structural and electrical documents.
5. Bidding – The architect sends out the construction documents to contractors who bid a price for the work.
6. Construction Administration – The architect observes construction through periodic site visits and answers questions from the contractor and sub-contractors related to the construction documents. Payment requests to the owner from the contractors are reviewed by the architect.
How to Read Plan Drawings
The floor plan is a bird’s eye view of a particular floor level of a building after an imaginary cut is made horizontally through the walls. The upper floors and/or roof are then removed so you can
“see down into the building”. The floor plan shows the exact size and outline of a particular floor.
It includes every wall, door, window, permanent fixture, electrical outlet, and other proposed interior construction.
How to Read Section and Elevation Drawings
A building section is a view of a building after making an imaginary vertical cut through the building. One side of the building is then pulled away so you can see inside the rest of the building. The purpose of a section is to show the interior space of a building, its floor-to-ceiling heights, foundation depth, framing material, wall finishes, and mechanical equip ment. An elevation is a straight-on view of a building wall. This is like taking a photograph of the wall of a building. The elevations are usually oriented north, south, east, or west. The purpose of an elevation is to show the treatment of exterior or interior walls and roof.
Importance of As-Built Drawings
When the project is complete, the contractor should provide as-built drawings for all new and renovated construction. These drawings must be kept in a safe place by the school nutrition director. Additional sets of drawings should be kept with school maintenance personnel and in the principal’s office. The minor field modifications and relocation of any plumbing, electrical, and mechanical work during construction can play a major role in additions and renovations done at a
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roject planning is a key phase in the equipment purchasing and facility design process and is started through the creation of an accurate program profile. the program profile provides the foundation for decision making, and is essential as a communication tool among the team members. the school nutrition director will need a thorough understanding of the goals for the school nutrition program and the students and marketplace in order to create the program profile.after the program profile is created, the planning team is organized, and the budget and applicable codes/regulations are determined. Flexibility in design is an important consideration because school nutrition program needs may change. Flexibility allows the operation the freedom to expand, reduce, or reorganize, based on need. useful information for future planning related to demographic trends may be obtained from the local chamber of commerce, the center for economic development or the school district superintendent’s office.
Based on program profile information, projects may fall into one of several categories: new construction, renovation, or purchase of new equipment. Steps in renovation projects include: locating the existing drawings, evaluating the existing structure (including weight loads, utilities, and plumbing), leaving room for future electrical service needs, locating utilities or mechanical equipment out of the path of growth, and sizing the kitchen and mechanical equipment to be flexible. No matter the nature of the project, if kitchen shutdown is required, preliminary plans should include ways to serve meals during the process.
School nutrition directors will work closely with architects and architectural drawings during process. Because modifications may be made in the architectural drawings during construction, it is important to keep as-built drawings in a safe place for future use. remember, original drawings should never be loaned out, but copies are helpful for those involved in the project.
SummARy
chapter Four – plaNNiNgthe project