4.- TRABAJAR EN ETIOPÍA
2 RElACIONES ECONOMICAS BIlATERAlES
2.9 PRINCIPALES CONTENCIOSOS ECONÓMICOS PEN- PEN-DIENTES
Appendix I - Historical Overview
20,000 b. C.: sculpture found at Gagarino, Ukraine
A number of dual-headed sculptures has been found in palaeolithic excavations in southern France, Northern Italy, Germany, Ukrainia and Siberia. The union of the two heads is certainly connected to the bi-frontism of previous eras, which continues until the historical and current ages in equatorial Africa.
Androgynous 2-headed sculptures may be very old. A small sculpture in ivory of mammoth (extinct hairy elephant) 14.8 cm high (5.2 cm for the female figurine; and 9.6 cm for the male figurine), found in a Palaeolithic site (evolved Gravettian, about 21,800 years ago) at Gagarino, Ukraine, is a rare example of two human beings joined together by the neck, with the whole body. Tarassov relates this head-to-head position to the adolescent double burial at Sungir, in which two individuals were interred with the tops of their heads touching.
10,000 b. C.: Sky-God Dyaeus in the PIE-language
The Paleolithic Continuity Theory estimates an earliest possible origin for an European version of PIE at the 10th millennium BC.
4000 b. C. : Proto-Deity in the PIE-language
The Kurgan Period (Fourth millennium b. C.) and the Cord-ceramic culture (2880 b. C.-2000 b. C.) buried their women left-sided and their male right-sided inorder to mirror the burial positions.
3000 b. C. : Proto-Deity in the PIE-language
Only two deities belong to basic common vocabulary: The sky-Father (Dyæus , Zeus, Tyr, Ti-sky-Father, etc.) and a deity for the morning-light. Representing an androgynous deity the sky-Father may be considered as a primary common Proto-deity as early as 3000 b. C.
900 b. C.: Ba' al of Tyrus
The Ba' al of Tyrus that Ahab, king of Israel, introduces in the 9th century b. C. in Samaria, as a result of his wedding with Izebel, daughter of the king of Syria ( The Kings 16. 29 &
followings) has been described as "four-shaped" by Eustachius from Antiochia (approximately 300 AD).
850 b. C.: IHVH at the Mesha-Stele
The first characters I (or alternatively Y) and V in the name IHVH respectively YHVH refer to the male and female elements in symbolism. The Mesha-Stele is notable because it is thought to be the earliest known reference to the sacred Hebrew name of God - YHWH. The inscription of 34 lines is written in the Moabite language.
It was set up by Mesha, about 850 BC, as a record and memorial of his victories in his revolt against the Kingdom of Israel during the reign of king Ahaziah after the death of Israel's king Ahab.
530 b. C.: The Chieftain's Grave at Hochdorf
The symbolic coding-system of the Chieftain's clothing for the colours purple, red and blue and the twining technology (equivalent to the Biblical Byssus-technology) may refer to androgynous religion.
500 b. C.: The Parthenon's fries
The Parthenon, a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, has been built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis.
The Parthenon's fries and other temples in the Mediterranean area originally must have been painted in red, white and blue.
The colours red and blue may refer to androgynous religion.
450 b. C.: Book Exodus
According to tradition, the Book Exodus and the other four Books of the Torah were written by Moses in the latter half of the 2nd millennium BC. Modern biblical scholarship sees it reaching its final textual form around 450 BC. The symbolic coding-system for the colours purple, red and blue and the twining technology (Byssus) may refer to androgynous religion.
400 b. C.: The Second Book of Chronicles
The symbolic coding-system for the colours purple, red and blue and the twining technology (Byssus) in Solomon's temple may refer to androgynous religion.
385 b. C.: Symposium
Plato documents a detailed androgynous creation in his famous dialogue Banquet (Symposium).
300 b. C.: Celtic art
Femininity is yin to masculinity's yang in human relationships.
Even though the principles of yin-yang were used in China in the fourth or fifth century b. C, there are no known references to the taijitu there before the eleventh century AD.
However, iconographic forms similar to the taijitu were recorded in Europe by the fourth or fifth century AD., almost seven hundred years earlier than the date of its appearance in China. Symbols with a partial resemblance to the later Taoist diagram appeared in Celtic art from the 3rd century b. C.
onwards, showing groups of leaves separated by an S-shaped line.
The flag of South Korea has a white background with a yin-yang symbol in blue and red. In Korea, ‘yin’ and ‘yin-yang’ are referred to as ‘um’ and ‘yang’.
124 b. C.: The Hermes of Roquepertuse
The sculpture's location Roquepertuse has been destroyed 124 b. C. by Consul Gaius Sextius Calvinus. The skulls' arrangement and a 7-10% size-relation may indicate androgynous symbolism.
30 AD: Pharisees interprete androgynous Adam
In explaining the various views concerning Eve's creation, the Pharisees taught129 that Adam was created as a man-woman (androgynos), explaining the Bible-quote (Gen. i. 27) as "male and female" instead of "man and woman," and that the separation of the sexes arose from the subsequent operation upon Adam's body, as related in the Scripture.
98: Tuisco
Tacitus describes Tuisco in Germania130. The divine name reveals androgynous symbolism131. Caesar and Tacitus compare the most important deity in Germania to Mercury (Hermes), which may refer to the standard 2-headed respectively 4-headed Hermes-sculptures in the Roman Empire.
In later years several cities (Duisdorf-Bonn, Duisburg and Doesburg as Tuiscoburgum) have been devoted to Tuisco, which may indicate a religious central region at the lower Rhine valley.
150: Androgynous Adam
Jeremiah ben Eleazar132, a Palestinian scholar of the 2nd century, inferred that Adam was created with two faces, one of a man and one of a woman, and that God afterwards cleft them asunder.
129: From the Jewish Encyclopedia: Adam Kadmon ( Er. 18a, Gen. R. viii.)
130: Subtitle: De origine et situ Germanorum liber
131: Source: Jacob Grimm, German Mythology
132:Info from the website: Jewish Encyclopedia
350: The Talmud
In the Talmud the idol of Manasse has four faces, while in the Syrian "Apocalypses of Baruch" it has five.
900: The Zbruch Idol
The Zbruch-sculpture in the National Museum in Kraków, Poland represents two bearded males and two beardless females and may refer to androgyny.
1100: Rashi's Genesis (1040-1105)
“God created the human being, being both male and female, which was subsequently divided into two beings”133.
1168: Svantevit
The Svantevit temple at Cap Arkona has been destroyed in 1168 and the 4-headed sculpture had to be burnt in the religious baptising festivities at the conversion to the Christianity. The comparable 4-headed Zbruch idol reveals androgynous symbolism in 2 female and 2 male figures.
1240: Colour coding in medieval Bibles
Most medieval Bibles apply colour coding (for purple, red and blue) in the headlines, initials, garments or backgrounds of the manuscripts.
133:Chapter. 27
1300: The Zohar
The Zohar is widely considered the most important work of Kabbalah or Jewish mysticism. The Zohar first appeared in Spain in the 13th century, and was published by a Jewish writer named Moses de Leon. The Zohar describes the Tetragrammaton's (IHVH) androgynous symbolism in detail, but must be considered to define incorrect androgynous keys.
1358 The Tricolour of France
During the Middle Ages, these colours came to be associated with the reigning house of France. In 1328, the coat-of-arms of the House of Valois was blue with gold fleurs-de-lis bordered in red. From this time on, the kings of France were represented in vignettes and manuscripts wearing a red gown under a blue coat decorated with gold fleurs-de-lis.
1572: The Prince's Flag
The Tricolour of The Netherlands is the oldest tricolour, first appearing in 1572 as the Prince's Flag in orange–white–blue.
The French tricolour's colours red and blue are basing on the fundamental colours red and blue of the City of Paris (which is an old Celtic centre).
1660 Russian tricolour flag
The white-blue-red Russian tricolour flag dates back to the 1660s when Czar Alexei Mikhailovich ordered ships to fly a similar banner for identification. Historians speculate it may have been inspired by the Dutch flag, the oldest remaining tricolour national flag, but both tricolours may have a common religious base.
1814: 15-starred banner (USA)
There is some evidence the colours red, white and blue have been chosen by Templars and Freemasons in a great number of countries, namely Holland, France, England, Scotland and the USA. At the time of defining a banner the leading intelligentsia in most of these countries are known to have been influenced by Templar-or Freemason-symbolism.
1898: Flag of the Philippines
The flag of the Philippines was officially hoisted for the first time on 12th of June in 1898. It shows two horizontal stripes in blue and red with an isosceles white triangle on the leech. The designing elements of the flag of the Philippines are broadly of Masonic origin.
Appendix II - Androgynous deities
134Language Androgynous
Proto-deity Proto-pronouns Scandinavian Tivar (Ti-Father)
British Tui (imported
from Germany) U (you) and I
German Tui (Parent for
Tuisco / Tuisto) Thu and Ih
Dutch Tui (Parent for
Tuisco / Tuisto) U and Ic
French Dieu Du and Je
Italian Dios Tu and io
Spanish Dios Tu and yo
Greek Zeus (Dyæus )
Hittite Sius (Sius-summa)
Etruscan Tinia (also: Tin, Tins or Tina)
Roman IU-piter
Hebrew YHVH (from:
IhUh -> IU)
Arab dUI UI ("I")
Iranian Zurvan
Table 6: Overview of Androgynous Deities
134:in contrast to Blavatzky's concept (1888) in Table 3 this overview includes thedeity Tuisco
Appendix III – Links to Google-Books
Zohar , Bereshith to Lekh Lekha (1300) published by Forgotten Books, ISBN 1605067466, 9781605067469
Online document - inaccurate description of androgynous Kabbala by erroneous interpretation of the female symbolism by claiming: “The letters yod and he symbolize the father resp.
the mother135. The V in the divine name IHVH is the son or child of I and H, the Father and the Mother”136.
Der Sohar : Das heilige Buch der Kabbala (ca. 1300) translated by Ernst Müller. - Publisher: Diederichs (1998), ISBN 3424014575, 9783424014570, 319 pages.
This German version of the Zohar is more accurate, but incomplete.
Phallic Worship (1870) by Hodder M. Westropp (1870) (online) published by Forgotten Books,
ISBN 1606200437, 9781606200438, Size: 14 pages.
Very small booklet (14 pages) describing an overview of Phallic and Yonic worship.
Phallicism: Celestial and Terrestrial ; (1884)
Subtitle: Heathen and Christian and Its Connection with the Rosicrucians and the Gnostics and Its Foundation in Buddhism by Hargrave Jennings, Kessinger Publishing, 1884 & 1996, ISBN 1564596486, 9781564596482, 324 pages
Exact and correct explanation of the Tetragrammaton's letters J-E-V-E or JHVH: This process leaves us the two letters I and V (in another form U);
135:Source: Zohar - Chapter 7
136:Source: Zohar - Chapter 12