El procedimiento y las condenas a los sujetos vagos: De la promulgación a la

People were very cooperative with few of those asked unwilling to take part. A high response rate was observed for residents, followed by visitors and stakeholders (Table 5.6).

Table 5. 6. Response rate of the surveyed groups.

Groups of

respondents Number of prepared surveys

Number of

refusals Number of completed surveys Response rate (%) Residents 120 4 61 51 Visitors 120 6 55 (*) Stakeholders 30 0 5 20 TOTAL 230 10 121 51

(*) It cannot be calculated as the sample size was unknown. Refusals were recorded only from those approached.

The nature of the respondents was examined with respect to their socio- demographic characteristics. A range of social descriptors (age, gender and employment status) were examined for residents and visitors (Table 5.7 and 5.8) (Figure 5.9). Residents and tourists showed age ranges mainly from 44 to >70 years old, although residents showed a greater percentage in the range 44-56. The largest demographic of the respondents was male and retired.

Table 5. 7. Percentages of age ranges from residents and visitors.

Table 5. 8. Gender of residents and visitors.

Gender Residents Visitors

Male 43% (26/61) 51% (28/55) Female 34% (21/61) (23/55) 42% Other 23% (14/61) 7% (4/55)

Figure 5. 9. The employment status of residents and visitors.

Age Range Residents Visitors

18 - 30 _(3/61) 5% _(3/55) 5% 31 - 43 _(1/61) 2% _(3/55) 5% 44 - 56 _(21/61) 34% _(16/55) 29% 57 - 69 _(17/61) 28% _(16/55) 29% >70 _(17/61) 28% _(17/55) 31% Other _(2/61) 3% -

5.4. Conclusions

 Hebden Beck supports key environments of international importance such as limestone pavements, limestone grasslands, blanket bog, upland heath and upland hay meadows. It also contributes with farming and fisheries activities, therefore, Hebden Beck is very important for residents, visitors and stakeholders.

 Different perceptions on water quality from specialist and non-specialist showed an inadequate transference of knowledge from technical to local community and potentially across stakeholders groups.

 Hebden Beck water quality’s perceptions from non-specialist (residents and visitors) are based on field observations (e.g. colour or odour).

 Mines are for residents an important cultural legacy, while for visitors they are more likely to be considered latent pollutants to the riverine ecosystem.  Residents and visitors showed a lack of understanding about the influence of

mines in metal pollution, compared to the findings of prior studies by this author and the Environment Agency.

 Awareness was identified for the non-specialist group about increasing frequency of river water levels.

 Remediation strategies were more acceptable for visitors than residents, both groups preferred approaches that protect the landscape of the village and its surroundings.

5.5. References

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