These findings suggest several avenues for future research that would both increase our understanding of the relationship between funding sources and subsequent job quality and address some of the limitations of this study. First, studies should investigate the effect of varying amounts of student loan debt on job quality. One of the primary limitations of this research is that the WILIS 1 data do not specify the amount of aid received for each of the funding resources or the source of students’ grants or loans. It could be that those who accrue larger amounts of student debt have even poorer job quality or that those who receive large amounts of student aid in the form of scholarships have higher job quality. It could also be that the use of federal loans is associated with different outcomes than the use of private loans, which can differ in terms of repayment options and interest rates. The few (but statistically significant) associations between loan use and measures of job quality in these results may be an artifact of imprecise measurement, which with more precision (e.g., loan amounts and sources) might produce more robust results. Second, it would be useful to examine how these outcomes vary by race in a more diverse sample; some have found that using loans has a larger negative impact on educational outcomes for black students than white students (Jackson & Reynolds, 2013).
Third, it would be useful to look at additional indicators of non-monetary benefits, such as organized mentoring programs, to see if the slower wage growth reported by student loan
users (Minicozzi, 2005) is, in fact, due to these students sacrificing opportunities to develop human capital and social capital for immediate financial rewards in the form of higher salaries as suggested by Braguinsky and Ohyama (2012). Fourth, it would be useful to look at graduate application records, including GPA and GRE scores, in order to see if better students are driving these results with regard to the positive effects of scholarship use. Although using graduate program as a proxy for this is useful, a more direct measure would increase the reliability of this control. Finally, it would be valuable to incorporate a broader range of background
characteristics in future analyses in order to determine whether the relationship between funding sources, especially loan use and scholarship use, and job quality is causal or, rather, driven by characteristics of the types individuals using these funding sources.
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CHAPTER 3: GENDER AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN JOB FUNCTIONS AMONG