The TCT plots help us see the qualitative significance. However, it is important to back up the qualitative significance with quantitative analysis and prove the numerical significance. For this purpose, relevant statistical analysis was performed for the two watersheds. The results of the analysis are tabulated in Table 4, 5 and 6 for Mattapoisett river watershed and Table 7, 8 and 9Big Cypress watershed respectively.
Table 3-5: Statistical calculations for dataset pairs of before and after landfall scenario for brightness (Mattapoisett river watershed).
Statistical parameters Brightness
July 18, 1991 August 26, 1991 Mean 3312.89 2689.64 Standard Deviation 759.59 1404.18 Coefficient of variation 22.93% 52.21% Quartile coefficient of dispersion 0.08 0.40 Pearson correlation 0.35
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Table 3-6: Statistical calculations for dataset pairs of before and after landfall scenario for greenness (Mattapoisett river watershed).
Table 3-7: Statistical calculations for dataset pairs of before and after landfall scenario for wetness (Mattapoisett river watershed).
Statistical parameters Wetness
July 18, 1991 August 26, 1991
Mean 135.77 199.10
Standard Deviation 77.65 152.63
Coefficient of variation 57.19% 79.17%
Quartile coefficient of dispersion 0.40 0.55
Pearson correlation 0.43
Statistical parameters Greenness
July18, 1991 August26, 1991
Mean 1920.80 758.19
Standard Deviation 626.58 414.77
Coefficient of variation 32.62% 54.71%
Quartile coefficient of dispersion 0.15 0.37
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Table 3-8: Statistical calculations for dataset pairs of before and after landfall scenario for brightness (Big Cypress watershed).
Table 3-9: Statistical calculations for dataset pairs of before and after landfall scenario for greenness (Big Cypress watershed).
Statistical parameters Brightness
August 29, 2017 September 14, 2017 Mean 1869.37 1968.22 Standard Deviation 1382.15 2028.43 Coefficient of variation 73.94% 99.06% Quartile coefficient of dispersion 0.46 0.63 Pearson correlation 0.424
Statistical parameters Greenness
August 29, 2017 September 14, 2017
Mean 1289.84 706.67
Standard Deviation 634.31 381.15
Coefficient of variation 49.18% 53.94%
Quartile coefficient of dispersion 0.41 0.42
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Table 3-10: Statistical calculations for dataset pairs of before and after landfall scenario for wetness (Big Cypress watershed).
Statistical parameters Wetness
August 29, 2017 September 14, 2017
Mean 345.25 155.23
Standard Deviation 193.01 278.63
Coefficient of variation 55.91% 179.50%
Quartile coefficient of dispersion 0.55 0.61
Pearson correlation 0.147
The statistical calculations indicate that there is an 18.81% change in mean pixel values for brightness; 60.53% change for greenness, and 46.64% difference in wetness when compared to pixel values before the hurricane landfall scenario for Mattapoisett harbor watershed. The changes are 5.28%, 45.21% and 55.04% for brightness, greenness and wetness respectively for Big Cypress watershed. These significant differences in values conform to the tasseled cap plots that after hurricane landfall, there was significant change in the landscape which contributed to the dispersion of pixels i.e. change in the value of pixels. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the three transformations are also quite low, indicating a significant difference in the data pairs for both cases. Especially for Big Cypress watershed, the Pearson coefficient is very low for wetness. This indicates a widespread dispersion of the values, which can be attributed to flooding caused by heavy rainfall and storm surge in the watershed.
The standard deviation and coefficient of variation are effective statistical tools to compare between two datasets. For brightness, the standard deviation is 759.59 for before landfall and
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1404.18 for after landfall for Mattapoisett river watershed. The standard deviation is higher in case of after landfall than the before landfall scenario. This indicates that the difference between the pixel values in relation to their mean is higher for after landfall scenario than before landfall scenario. The same can be said of Big Cypress watershed where the standard deviation is greater for brightness and wetness for after landfall than before landfall scenario. The coefficient of variation is used to measure the spread or dispersion of data. The higher the value, the greater the dispersion is. In case of brightness, coefficient of variation is 22.93% for before landfall scenario and 52.21% for after landfall scenario. For greenness and wetness the values are 37.62% and 57.19% for before landfall whereas the values are 54.17% and 79.17%. This indicates that the pixel values for after landfall scenario are more dispersed than the before landfall scenario. This conforms to the dispersion phenomenon shown in the tasseled cap plots. The values for Big Cypress watershed show a similar trend for coefficient of variation values. Especially there is significant difference for the wetness value. Before landfall the value was 55.91% and after landfall the value became 179.50%. This high difference indicates the change in the wetness in the watershed primarily caused by flooding. The flooding was caused by heavy rain and storm surge that was associated with Hurricane Irma landfall.
The quartile coefficient of dispersion was used to measure level of dispersion quantitatively and to make comparison within and between datasets. In other words, it is a measure of spread of dataset. The quartile coefficient of dispersion of data associated with brightness, greenness and wetness for after landfall scenario is 5.00, 2.47 and 1.38 times greater than that of data for before landfall scenario. This means that the dispersion of pixel values for after landfall is 5.00 times greater than the dispersion of pixel values for before landfall condition. Subsequently, the dispersion of greenness is 2.47 times greater than before landfall condition. In the case of wetness,
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the value is 1.38 time greater than before landfall values. All of these prove that there was significant dispersion of data in all three transformation cases as evident in the plots driven by the hurricane landfall. The values are low for Big Cypress watershed compared to Mattapoisett river watershed. The quartile coefficient of dispersion of data associated with brightness, greenness and wetness for after landfall scenario is 1.37, 1.02 and 1.11 times greater than that of data for before landfall scenario. Although low, the values are greater than 1; indicating the dispersion i=for after landfall scenario.
The Moran’s I for all three cases is positive and closer to +1. Moran’s I is an inferential statistics and as such, the z-score and p-values play a part in the interpretations. In all cases the z- scores are positive and p-values are less than 0.05. This indicates that the there is less than 1% chance that the values are the result of random spatial clustering. The values in the table indicate that the Moran’s I values for before landfall are less than the values for after landfall. This indicates that the pixel values of after landfall are more clustered than the pixel values of before landfall.